Characterization and differentiation of iNSCs in vitro. (A) immunofluorescence of iNSCs. NSC markers were assessed by immunofluorescence, including NESTiN and PAX6. The expression of typical NSC-related genes on iNSCs significantly increased compared with that on (B) MEFs and (C) iPSCs (*P<0.05) with similar expression to (D) wt-NSCs. (E) Compared with iPSCs, the expression of pluripotency-related genes on iNSCs was negligible (*P<0.05 vs. iPSCs). (F) Differentiated cells migrated from neurospheres on D2 after adherence. Neurites and differentiated cells were observed around the adherent NSCs on D7 and D14. (G) Electrophysiological function of differentiated neurons. (A and F) Scale bars, 100 µm. iNSC, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cell; NSC, neural stem cell; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; wt, wild-type; PAX6, paired box 6; BLBP, brain lipid-binding protein; ZFP42, zinc finger protein 42; OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4; D2, day 2; D7, day 7; D14, day 14.