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. 2017 Nov 24;41(2):659–668. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3284

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Copyright: © Wang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Cell morphology as observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope (magnification, ×200). The control group included A549 cells with an epithelial cobblestone-like morphology, a round or polygonal shape. The TGF-β1 group included cells that displayed a spindle-shaped elongated fibroblast-like morphology. The cells in the SIS3 group and BMSCs-CM group exhibited a similar morphology; the morphological changes induced by TGF-β1 were suppressed. The cell groups were as follows: control, cells cultured in serum-free DMEM; TGF-β1, cells cultured in serum-free DMEM and exposed to 5 ng/ml TGF-β1; SIS3, cells were treated with 3 μM SIS3 (specific inhibitor of Smad3) which was added 4 h prior to 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 exposure; BMSCs-CM, BMSCs-CM was added prior to 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 exposure. BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; CM, conditioned medium; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1.