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. 2017 Nov 16;2(22):e97180. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.97180

Figure 4. 4D perception of the contracting heart in a transgenic Tg(cmlc2:gfp) zebrafish embryo at 5 dpf.

Figure 4

(A–C) We demonstrate schematic ventricular pressure tracing and representative contractile images at 3 time points during a cardiac cycle. We depict the cardiac volume in white dashed lines in A as the baseline and accentuate the volumetric changes with green dotted lines (B and C) during the cardiac cycle. (D) Displacement vectors reveal the ventricular deformation in terms of direction and magnitude at an instantaneous moment in systole. (E) 3D and (F) 2D displacement vectors. (G) DIR-derived representative 4D scenario. VR-LSFM enables the quantification of the volumetric changes occurring between consecutive frames as the user operates on the 4D contracting heart. VR, virtual reality; LSFM, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy; DIR, deformable image registration. Scale bar: 50 μm. All of these images are shown in pseudocolor.