Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for four active surveillance cohorts.
| JHU N = 913 |
PASS N = 1,067 |
UT N = 1,104 |
UCSF N = 1,319 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year of Diagnosis | ||||
| ≤ 1995 | 8 (0.9%) | 0 | 9 (0.8%) | 8 (0.6%) |
| 1995–2000 | 91 (10.0%) | 0 | 176 (15.9%) | 57 (4.3%) |
| 2000–2005 | 273 (30.0%) | 30 (2.8%) | 235 (21.3%) | 221 (16.8%) |
| 2005–2010 | 458 (50.2%) | 416 (39.0%) | 389 (35.2%) | 473 (35.9%) |
| 2010–2015 | 65 (7.1%) | 621 (58.2%) | 263 (23.8%) | 552 (41.8%) |
| 2015+ | 0 | 0 | 6 (0.5%) | 8 (0.6%) |
| Missing | 18 (2.0%) | 0 | 26 (2.4%) | 8 (0.6%) |
|
| ||||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | ||||
| ≤ 40 | 0 | 1 (0.09%) | 0 | 0 |
| 40–50 | 12 (1.3%) | 44 (4.1%) | 33 (3.0%) | 66 (5.0%) |
| 50–60 | 143 (15.7%) | 296 (27.7%) | 197 (17.8%) | 412 (31.2%) |
| 60–70 | 548 (60.0%) | 566 (53.0%) | 464 (42.0%) | 618 (46.8%) |
| 70–80 | 204 (22.3%) | 158 (14.8%) | 337 (30.5%) | 202 (15.3%) |
| 80+ | 6 (0.6%) | 2 (0.2%) | 47 (4.2%) | 21 (1.6%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 26 (2.3%) | 0 |
|
| ||||
| Gleason Score at Diagnosis | ||||
| 4 | 3 (0.3%) | 1 (0.09%) | 7 (0.6%) | 9 (0.7%) |
| 5 | 13 (1.4%) | 3 (0.3%) | 40 (3.6%) | 16 (1.2%) |
| 6 | 876 (95.9%) | 984 (92.2%) | 887 (80.3%) | 1126 (85.4%) |
| 7+ | 2 (0.2%) | 79 (7.4%) | 148 (13.4%) | 154 (11.7%) |
| Missing | 19 (2.1%) | 0 | 22 (2.0%) | 15 (1.1%) |
|
| ||||
| Clinical Stage | ||||
| T1 | 913 (100.0%) | 947 (77.8%) | 859 (77.8%) | 901 (68.3%) |
| T2 (not otherwise specified) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.4%) | 46 (3.5%) |
| T2a | 0 | 113 (12.4%) | 133 (12.0%) | 284 (21.5%) |
| T2b or higher | 0 | 7 (0.6%) | 42 (3.8%) | 75 (5.7%) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 66 (6.0%) | 13 (1.0%) |
|
| ||||
| Biopsies per person | ||||
| 0 | 2 (0.2%) | 0 | 26 (2.4%) | 0 |
| 1 | 289 (31.6%) | 363 (34.0%) | 318 (28.8%) | 288 (21.8%) |
| 2 | 336 (36.8%) | 431 (40.4%) | 472 (42.8%) | 511 (38.7%) |
| 3 | 145 (15.9%) | 179 (16.8%) | 224 (20.3%) | 250 (19.0%) |
| 4 | 77 (8.4%) | 70 (6.5%) | 48 (4.3%) | 133 (10.1%) |
| 5 | 30 (3.3%) | 18 (1.7%) | 13 (1.2%) | 62 (4.7%) |
| 6+ | 34 (3.7%) | 6 (0.5%) | 3 (0.3%) | 62 (4.7%) |
|
| ||||
| PSA at enrollment (μg/L) (mean, sd)* | ||||
| ≤ 4 | 259 (2.4, 1.1) | 269 (2.5, 1.0) | 219 (2.6, 10.1) | 270 (2.6, 1.0)) |
| 4–8.0 | 491 (5.4, 1.1) | 561 (5.5, 1.0) | 426 (5.9, 1.1) | 777 (5.6, 1.1)) |
| 8.0–12.0 | 79 (9.5, 1.1) | 109 (9.6, 1.1) | 156 (9.6, 1.1) | 202 (9.6, 1.1)) |
| 12.0+ | 21 (15.3, 2.6) | 39 (16.3, 3.4) | 57 (15.9, 5.2) | 70 (17.4, 7.2) |
| Missing | 63 | 89 | 246 | 0 |
|
| ||||
| PSA tests per person | ||||
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 (1.5%) | 0 |
| ≤ 5 | 308 (33.7%) | 170 (15.9%) | 150 (13.6%) | 102 (7.7%) |
| 5–10 | 336 (36.8%) | 387 (36.3%) | 222 (20.1%) | 331 (25.1%) |
| 10–20 | 240 (26.2%) | 372 (34.9%) | 435 (39.4%) | 477 (36.2%) |
| 20–30 | 26 (2.8%) | 127 (11.9%) | 198 (17.9%) | 267 (20.2%) |
| 30+ | 3 (0.3%) | 11 (1.0%) | 82 (7.4%) | 142 (10.8%) |
|
| ||||
| Number with disease reclassification | ||||
| Biopsy upgrade | 178 (19.5%) | 240 (22.5%) | 364 (33.0%) | 599 (45.4% |
| Volume change without upgrade | 234 (25.6%) | 169 (15.8%) | 238 (21.6%) | 240 (18.2%) |
*
At enrollment or at first PSA on active surveillance 3 months prior or up to 6 months after enrollment.
JHU – Johns Hopkins University; PASS – Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study; UT – University of Toronto; UCSF – University of California San Francisco.