TABLE 2.

Comparison of the Pakistan and Ethiopia Pilot Tests

Features	Pakistan	Ethiopia
In-country electronic logistics management information system	cLMIS	HCMIS
Bar coding	Transition from proprietary to GS1 bar codes	GS1 bar codes, from the outset
E2E dashboard	Achieved by integrating RHI with cLMIS and incorporating data from bar code scanning	Achieved by integrating RHI with HCMIS and incorporating data from bar code scanning
Serialization	Not part of the pilot test	Serialization was done at the secondary package level
Scanning approach	Handheld optical scanners	Open-sourced Android smartphone app developed locally (HCMIS barcode scanner)
Where track and trace was pilot tested	Central Warehouse and Supplies, Karachi to Lahore district store	Central warehouse to Addis Ababa distribution hub to Woreda health center and Nefas Silk Lafto health center
Result	Full E2E track and trace was not achieved due to lack of inventory management system at the district level and lack of bar codes at the primary unit level	Full E2E track and trace via digital scanning demonstrated to the exact number of packages distributed between the 2 health centers

Abbreviations: cLMIS, contraceptive logistics management information system; E2E, end-to-end (supply chain); HCMIS, Health Commodity Management Information System; RHI, Reproductive Health Interchange.