Table 3.
Full and subgroup meta-analyses on health-related behaviour change
| Comparison | No. of estimates included (no. unique studies) | % of people (95% CI) | I 2% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any positive lifestyle change | 6 (5) (Bloss et al. 2011b; Egglestone et al. 2013; Gordon et al. 2012; Kaufman et al. 2012; Olfson et al. 2016) | 24 (15–34) | 95.9 |
| Real customers | 4 (3) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012; Olfson et al. 2016) | 24 (12–36) | 97.5 |
| Not real customers | 2 (2) (Gordon et al. 2012; Bloss et al. 2011b) | 21 (16–27) | – |
| Full price | 4 (3) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012; Olfson et al. 2016) | 24 (12–36) | 97.5 |
| Reduced price | 1 (1 Bloss et al. (2011a) | – | – |
| Free | 1 (1) (Gordon et al. 2012) | – | – |
| Improved dietary practices | 3 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 16 (0–38) | 99.4 |
| Real customers | 3 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 16 (0–38) | 99.4 |
| Not real customers | – | – | – |
| Full price | 3 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 16 (0–38) | 99.4 |
| Reduced price | – | – | – |
| Free | – | – | |
| Improved exercise practices | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 12 (10–14) | – |
| Real customers | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 12 (10–14) | – |
| Not real customers | – | – | – |
| Full price | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 12 (10–14) | – |
| Reduced price | – | – | – |
| Free | – | – | – |
| Quit smoking | 2 (2) (Bloss et al. 2011b; Olfson et al. 2016) | 19 (13–25) | – |
| Real customers | 1 (1) (Olfson et al. 2016) | – | – |
| Not real customers | 1 (1) (Bloss et al. 2011b) | – | – |
| Full price | 1 (1) (Olfson et al. 2016) | – | – |
| Reduced price | 1 (1) (Bloss et al. 2011b) | – | – |
| Free | – | – | – |
| Change in supplement use | 3 (3) (Bloss et al. 2011b; Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 11 (2–21) | 98.6 |
| Real customers | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 8 (6–9) | – |
| Not real customers | 1 (1) (Bloss et al. 2011b) | – | – |
| Full price | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 8 (6–9) | – |
| Reduced price | 1 (1) (Bloss et al. 2011b) | – | – |
| Free | – | – | – |
| Information-seeking behaviour | 4 (3) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaphingst et al. 2012; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 36 (7–66) | 99.6 |
| Real customers | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 12 (11–14) | – |
| Not real customers | 2 (1) (Kaphingst et al. 2012) | 51 (46–55) | – |
| Full price | 2 (2) (Egglestone et al. 2013; Kaufman et al. 2012) | 12 (11–14) | – |
| Reduced price | – | – | – |
| Free | 2 (1) (Kaphingst et al. 2012) | 51 (46–55) | – |
– = not calculated or not available
CI confidence interval