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. 2017 Dec 28;23(48):8452–8464. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8452

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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Changes in intestinal barrier function after 30 min of ischemia. A: HE staining showed an intact epithelial lining in control tissue. After 30 min of ischemia (30I) subepithelial spaces were visualized at the tips of the villi. Strong and evenly distributed immunofluorescent stainings for ZO-1, occludin and E-Cadherin were observed, over the tips of the villi, in both control tissue and jejunum subjected to 30I; B: Electron microscopic images of two enterocytes with interconnecting tight junctions demonstrate in control tissue that tight junctions are intact (arrow) and the contrast dye lanthanum remains intraluminally. On the contrary, after 30I, lanthanum is able to penetrate the paracellular space, indicating tight junction integrity loss (arrow); C: Plasma L/R ratio’s however, remained unchanged after ischemia when compared with control; D: Mean plasma I-FABP V-A concentration differences show a significant release after ischemia when compared with control (126.6 ng/mL ± 65.53 ng/mL vs 1.75 ng/mL ± 0.78 ng/mL, P < 0.01), reflecting enterocyte damage. Electron microscopy scale bars = 0.5 μm and 1 μm respectively.