Table 2.

Absolute bias and variance for G-REMLadp variance components when HWE was met, for non-null simulated effects

N	${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\alpha }}^2$	${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\delta }}^2$	${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\gamma }}^2$	#Reps	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\alpha }}^2$ Bias	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\alpha }}^2$ Var	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\delta }}^2$ Bias	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\delta }}^2$ Var	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\gamma }}^2$ Bias	${\widehat{\mathit{\sigma }}}_{\mathit{\gamma }}^2$ Var
1000	0.017	0.017	0.017	280	1.0e−03	1.1e−03	1.5e−03	8.9e−04	1.2e−03	1.1e−03
1000	0.033	0.033	0.033	290	− 1.1e−04	1.9e−03	− 1.7e−03	1.8e−03	− 2.0e−03	1.8e−03
1000	0.100	0.100	0.100	290	3.0e−03	7.1e−03	9.0e−04	5.7e−03	2.6e−03	6.3e−03
2000	0.017	0.017	0.017	300	− 2.2e−03	2.9e−04	− 6.5e−05	2.6e−04	4.2e−04	2.6e−04
2000	0.033	0.033	0.033	300	− 2.7e−04	5.7e−04	− 1.9e−03	4.9e−04	1.2e−03	6.3e−04
2000	0.100	0.100	0.100	300	3.7e−03	1.6e−03	1.6e−03	1.7e−03	−1.1e− 03	1.6e−03
4000	0.017	0.017	0.017	300	5.0e−04	6.5e−05	1.2e−05	6.8e−05	−8.0e−04	7.5e−05
4000	0.033	0.033	0.033	300	2.9e−05	1.7e−04	−6.2e−04	1.5e−04	− 8.0e−04	1.4e−04
4000	0.100	0.100	0.100	300	− 2.6e−03	4.8e−04	− 1.8e−03	4.4e−04	1.5e−03	4.5e−04

Proportion of phenotypic variance explained: by additive effects given in the ${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\alpha }}^2$ column, by dominance effects given in the ${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\delta }}^2$ column, and by parent-of-origin effects given in the ${\mathit{\sigma }}_{\mathit{\gamma }}^2$ column. N: number of simulated phased genotypes, #Reps: number of simulated replications, “Bias” is the absolute bias of estimates across simulated replications, “Var” is variance of estimates across simulated replications