Table 2.
Factors predicting distant metastasis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast
| Characteristic | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Distant metastasis | P-value | P-value | Relative risk (95% confidence interval) | |||
|
| ||||||
| Present (%) | Absent (%) | |||||
| Age (years) | >50 | 6 (5.4) | 105 (94.6) | 0.067 | Not applicable | |
| ≤50 | 14 (12.4) | 99 (87.6) | ||||
| Histological grade | 1 | 2 (3.5) | 55 (96.5) | 0.092 | Not applicable | |
| 2 | 9 (9.7) | 84 (90.3) | ||||
| 3 | 9 (12.2) | 65 (87.8) | ||||
| Tumor size (cm) | >2.0 | 12 (10.7) | 100 (89.3) | 0.349 | Not applicable | |
| ≤2.0 | 8 (7.1) | 104 (92.9) | ||||
| Pathological T stage | pT1 | 8 (7.1) | 104 (92.9) | 0.017* | 0.699 | 1.218 (0.447-3.321) |
| pT2 | 7 (6.9) | 94 (93.1) | ||||
| pT3 | 5 (45.5) | 6 (54.5) | ||||
| Pathological N stage | pN0 | 7 (5.8) | 113 (94.2) | 0.016* | 0.085 | 2.383 (0.888-6.396) |
| pN1 | 5 (7.7) | 60 (92.3) | ||||
| pN2 | 5 (23.8) | 16 (76.2) | ||||
| pN3 | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | ||||
| Lymphovascular invasion | Present | 12 (13.5) | 77 (86.5) | 0.052 | Not applicable | |
| Absent | 8 (5.9) | 127 (94.1) | ||||
| Extensive Intraductal component | Present | 1 (2.5) | 39 (97.5) | 0.138 | Not applicable | |
| Absent | 19 (10.3) | 165 (89.7) | ||||
| Estrogen receptor status | Negative | 13 (8.1) | 148 (91.9) | 0.474 | Not applicable | |
| Positive | 7 (11.1) | 56 (88.9) | ||||
| Progesterone receptor status | Negative | 9 (6.1) | 139 (93.9) | 0.037* | 0.135 | 2.103 (0.794-5.573) |
| Positive | 11 (14.5) | 65 (85.5) | ||||
| Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status | Negative | 4 (6.8) | 55 (93.2) | 0.603 | Not applicable | |
| Positive | 16 (9.7) | 149 (90.3) | ||||
| Triple negativity | Yes | 5 (16.7) | 25 (83.3) | 0.110 | Not applicable | |
| No | 15 (7.7) | 179 (92.3) | ||||
| Sphingosine kinase 1 expression | High | 15 (17.6) | 70 (83.3) | < 0.001* | 0.001* | 5.841 (2.024-16.858) |
| Low | 5 (3.6) | 134 (96.4) | ||||
*
Statistically significant.