CD107a-mobilizing and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting HCV pentamer+/CD8+ cells according to the level of TRAF1 expression. Box plots (A) and representative dot plots (B) show the percentage of IFN-γ-secreting and CD107a-mobilizing pentamer+/CD8+ cells ex vivo and after 10 days of specific in vitro challenge, according to the TRAF1 level, among cells with a preserved expansion ability. ○, outlier value; *, extreme value. The data in each dot plot represent the percentage of positive cells out of the number of either total CD8+ cells or pentamer+/CD8+ cells. NS, nonsignificant; #, Wilcoxon test; *, Mann-Whitney U test.