Table 3.
Relationships between patient characteristics, operative outcome and postoperative pancreatic fistula grade
| Characteristic data |
POPF (grading) |
P-value | 95%CI | |
| A (n = 58) | B + C (n = 30) | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.2 (11.3) | 58.8 (11.4) | 0.874 | 56.67-61.46 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 23.1 (20.4, 25.1) | 23.1 (21.1, 26.5) | 0.805 | 22.62-24.45 |
| Albumin, median (IQR) | 34.7 (32, 38) | 35.4 (32, 37.9) | 0.603 | 33.38-35.58 |
| Total bilirubin, median (IQR) | 0.9 (2, 5) | 3.3 (1.2, 12) | 0.01 | 3.44-6.66 |
| Pancreatic duct diameter (mm), median (IQR) | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.175 | 3.07-3.79 |
| Operative time, median (IQR) | 480 (420, 600) | 480 (360, 540) | 0.49 | 462.22-511.75 |
| Blood loss (mL), median (IQR) | 800 (500, 1500) | 900 (600, 1500) | 0.071 | 985.10-1616.95 |
| LOH day, median (IQR) | 21 (14, 30) | 42.5 (30, 60) | < 0.001 | 28.14-46.32 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 34 (58.6) | 12 (40.0) | 0.097 | |
| Female | 24 (41.4) | 18 (60.0) | ||
| DM, n (%) | ||||
| No | 45 (77.6) | 24 (80.0) | 0.794 | |
| Yes | 13 (22.4) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Hx of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | ||||
| No | 42 (72.4) | 22 (73.3) | 0.927 | |
| Yes | 16 (27.6) | 8 (26.7) | ||
| PBD, n (%) | ||||
| No | 20 (34.5) | 5 (16.7) | 0.079 | |
| Yes | 38 (65.5) | 25 (83.3) | ||
| Pancreatic texture, n (%) | ||||
| Hard/Firm | 20 (35.1) | 7 (24.1) | 0.301 | |
| Soft | 37 (64.9) | 22 (75.9) | ||
| Type of resection, n (%) | ||||
| PPPD | 24 (41.4) | 7 (23.3) | 0.093 | |
| PD | 34 (58.6) | 23 (76.7) | ||
| Duct, n (%) | ||||
| Duct to mucosa | 46 (79.3) | 17 (56.7) | 0.026 | |
| Invagination | 12 (20.7) | 13 (43.3) | ||
| Stent, n (%) | ||||
| No | 32 (55.2) | 22 (73.3) | 0.097 | |
| Yes | 26 (44.8) | 8 (26.7) | ||
| External vs Internal, n (%) | ||||
| External | 8 (32.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0.42 | |
| Internal | 14 (68.0) | 4 (50.0) | ||
| Malignant, n (%) | ||||
| No | 12 (20.7) | 4 (13.3) | 0.396 | |
| Yes | 46 (79.3) | 26 (86.7) | ||
| Final diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| CA ampulla | 23 (39.6) | 14 (46.7) | 0.33 | |
| CA pancreas | 8 (13.8) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| CA duodenal | 3 (5.2) | 0 | ||
| CA distal CBD | 5 (8.6) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Other | 19 (32.8) | 6 (20.0) | ||
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| < 70 | 47 (81.0) | 26 (86.7) | 0.505 | |
| ≥ 70 | 11 (19.0) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| < 25 | 42 (71.4) | 21 (70.0) | 0.812 | |
| ≥ 25 | 16 (27.6) | 9 (30.0) | ||
| Albumin, n (%) | ||||
| ≥ 30 | 50 (86.2) | 27 (90.0) | 0.743 | |
| < 30 | 8 (13.8) | 3 (10.0) | ||
| Total bilirubin, n (%) | ||||
| < 3 | 43 (74.1) | 13 (43.3) | 0.004 | |
| ≥ 3 | 15 (28.9) | 17 (56.7) | ||
| Pancreatic duct diameter, n (%) | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 12 (20.7) | 11 (36.7) | 0.106 | |
| < 5 | 46 (79.3) | 19 (63.3) | ||
| Operative time, n (%) | ||||
| < 420 | 12 (20.7) | 9 (30.0) | 0.331 | |
| ≥ 420 | 46 (79.3) | 21 (70.0) | ||
| Blood loss, n (%) | ||||
| < 1000 | 37 (63.8) | 17 (56.7) | 0.515 | |
| ≥ 1000 | 21 (36.2) | 13 (43.3) | ||
POPF: Postoperative pancreatic fistul; PBD: Preoperative biliary drainage; PPPD: Pylorus-preserved pancreaticoduodenectomy; PD: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; BMI: Body mass index.