Table 2.
Characteristics of 472 patients with cirrhosis initiated on RRT for AKI, by vital status at 6 mo
| Characteristic | Alive at 6 mo (n=114) | Died by 6 mo (n=358) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 56 (54 to 58) | 58 (56 to 59) | 0.28 |
| Female sex | 39 (34) | 123 (34) | 0.97 |
| White race | 97 (85) | 272 (76) | 0.04 |
| Non-Hispanic ethnicity | 109 (96) | 332 (93) | 0.28 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 51 (45) | 119 (33) | 0.03 |
| Coronary artery disease | 32 (28) | 94 (26) | 0.70 |
| CKD | 24 (21) | 55 (15) | 0.15 |
| Hypertension | 74 (65) | 189 (53) | 0.02 |
| Reason for admission | <0.001 | ||
| Complications of cirrhosis | 53 (46) | 118 (33) | |
| AKI | 25 (22) | 41 (11) | |
| Infection | 20 (18) | 129 (36) | |
| Other | 16 (14) | 70 (20) | |
| Other hospitalization characteristics | |||
| Sepsis | 57 (50) | 222 (62) | 0.02 |
| Admission/transfer to intensive care unit | 71 (63) | 315 (88) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous vasopressor use | 65 (57) | 286 (80) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 41 (36) | 210 (59) | <0.001 |
| Length of stay, d | 38 (32 to 44) | 20 (18 to 22) | <0.001 |
| Initial renal replacement modality | 0.01 | ||
| Intermittent hemodialysis | 77 (68) | 194 (54) | |
| Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration | 37 (32) | 164 (46) | |
| Cause of cirrhosisa | 0.10 | ||
| Alcohol | 36 (32) | 139 (39) | |
| Hepatitis C | 17 (15) | 69 (19) | |
| Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | 16 (14) | 25 (7) | |
| Multifactorial | 16 (14) | 43 (12) | |
| Other | 29 (25) | 80 (22) | |
| Prior complications of liver disease | |||
| Ascites | 95 (83) | 292 (82) | 0.67 |
| Encephalopathy | 78 (68) | 201 (56) | 0.02 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 74 (65) | 227 (63) | 0.77 |
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 35 (31) | 79 (22) | 0.06 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | 10 (9) | 31 (9) | 0.97 |
| MELD score | 33 (32 to 35) | 35 (34 to 35) | 0.12 |
| CLIF-C ACLF score | 55 (52 to 57) | 61 (60 to 63) | <0.001 |
| Cause of AKI | <0.001 | ||
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 43 (38) | 75 (21) | |
| Acute tubular necrosis | 71 (62) | 283 (79) | |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Sodium, meq/L | 135 (134 to 136) | 136 (135 to 136) | 0.27 |
| BUN, mg/dl | 62 (56 to 68) | 66 (62 to 69) | 0.26 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 4.6 (4.2 to 5.0) | 4.2 (4.0 to 4.4) | 0.02 |
| Urine sodium, mmol/Lb | 31 (25 to 37) | 33 (27 to 38) | 0.66 |
| White blood count, K/μl | 11.5 (10.0 to 13.1) | 14.2 (13.2 to 15.2) | 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 9.0 (8.7 to 9.2) | 9.3 (9.2 to 9.5) | 0.04 |
| Platelets, K/μl | 96 (83 to 108) | 95 (88 to 102) | 0.92 |
| Albumin, g/dlc | 3.1 (3.0 to 3.2) | 3.0 (2.9 to 3.0) | 0.03 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.9 (1.8 to 2.0) | 2.2 (2.1 to 2.3) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dl | 12 (9 to 14) | 13 (12 to 15) | 0.32 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/Ld | 306 (−17 to 629) | 544 (366 to 721) | 0.20 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/Ld | 89 (40 to 137) | 195 (129 to 261) | 0.01 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/Ld | 128 (113 to 143) | 155 (139 to 171) | 0.01 |
Cells represent N (percent) for categoric variables and mean (95% confidence interval) for continuous variables. MELD, Model for End Stage Liver Disease; CLIF-C ACLF, Chronic Liver Failure Consortium Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Score.
a
n=470 available.
b
n=357 available.
c
n=471 available.
d
n=468 available.