Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of CKD participants in the AIM-HIGH Trial by randomized treatment arm
| Variables | Placebo, n=174 | Niacin, n=178 |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age, yr, ±SD | 71±7 | 71±7 |
| Men, n (%) | 138 (79) | 144 (81) |
| Nonwhite, n (%) | 14 (8) | 10 (6) |
| Vascular history, n (%) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 89 (51) | 85 (48) |
| Coronary artery bypass grafting | 89 (51) | 75 (42) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 100 (58) | 96 (54) |
| Stroke or cerebrovascular disease | 71 (41) | 60 (34) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 39 (22) | 40 (23) |
| Risk factors | ||
| Systolic BP, mm Hg, ±SD | 129±16 | 132±18 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg, ±SD | 70±11 | 72±9 |
| BP medication use, n (%) | 171 (98) | 176 (99) |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 139 (80) | 142 (82) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl, ±SD | 110±24 | 108±24 |
| HbA1c, %, ±SD | 6.2±0.9 | 6.2±0.9 |
| Hypoglycemic medication use, n (%) | 48 (28) | 54 (30) |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 68 (39) | 71 (40) |
| Weight, kg, ±SD | 90±19 | 91±17 |
| Height, cm, ±SD | 172±9 | 172±9 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, ±SD | 30±6 | 31±5 |
| Smoking | ||
| Never, n (%) | 43 (25) | 43 (24) |
| Current, n (%) | 26 (15) | 17 (10) |
| Smokeless, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) |
| Former, n (%) | 103 (60) | 114 (64) |
| Pack-years, median (IQR) | 3.8 (2.0–5.3) | 4.0 (2.0–4.7) |
| Kidney-related medication use, n (%) | ||
| ACE/ARB use | 132 (76) | 139 (78) |
| β-Blocker use | 147 (85) | 138 (78) |
| Calcium channel blocker use | 56 (32) | 61 (34) |
| Diuretic use | 110 (63) | 100 (56) |
| Aspirin use | 157 (90) | 158 (89) |
| Clopidogrel use | 64 (37) | 56 (32) |
| Warfarin use | 19 (11) | 16 (9) |
| Insulin use | 30 (17) | 26 (15) |
| Oral hypoglycemic use | 48 (28) | 54 (30) |
| Other laboratory values | ||
| Uric acid, mg/dl, ±SD | 8.0±1.7 | 7.8±1.7 |
| AST, IU/L, ±SD | 26±8 | 25±7 |
| Creatinine kinase, IU/L, ±SD | 120±84 | 116±113 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, ±SD | 146±25 | 145±24 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl, ±SD | 74±21 | 73±20 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl, ±SD | 35±6 | 35±6 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 158 (133–229) | 170 (131–215) |
| Mineral and kidney function laboratory values | ||
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2, ±SD | 47±8 | 45±9 |
| eGFR<45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 69 (40) | 72 (40) |
| Phosphate, mg/dl, ±SD | 3.4±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 |
| Phosphate >4.5 mg/dl, n (%) | 6 (3) | 12 (7) |
| Calcium, mg/dl, ±SD | 9.6±0.5 | 9.7±0.5 |
| Intact PTH, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 53 (38–76) | 51 (36–71) |
| 25(OH) vitamin D, ng/ml, ±SD | 25±9 | 25±10 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D <20 ng/ml, n (%) | 38 (23) | 55 (32) |
| 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, ng/ml, ±SD | 32±11 | 31±11 |
| 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D, ng/ml, ±SD | 2.8±1.7 | 2.7±1.6 |
| FGF23, pg/ml, median (IQR) | 74 (60–97) | 72 (54–101) |
AIM-HIGH, Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; PTH, parathyroid hormone; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23.