Sphingolipids associated with change in cognitive domains over 6 months of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease. Symbols denote p-values < 0.05 from bivariate associations using mixed models between cognitive domain Z-scores and log sphingolipid concentrations over cardiac rehabilitation; all identified species were included in multivariate mixed models. For Cer18, overlapping symbols in the top cluster include a circle representing processing speed and a triangle representing executive function, and the two overlapping symbols in the bottom cluster include a square representing verbal memory and a diamond representing visuospatial memory. For Cer20, overlapping symbols include a circle representing processing speed and a triangle representing executive function. Abbreviations: SM, sphingomyelin; DHSM, dihydrosphingomyelin; Cer, ceramide; MHxCer, monohexylceramide; DHMHxCer, dihydromonohexylceramide; LacCer, lactosylceramide; DHLacCer, dihyrdolactosylceramide; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate.