Table 1. Characteristics of study participants (n=120) over 6 months of cardiac rehabilitation (CR).
| Characteristic | CAD (n=120) Mean±SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |
| Age, years | 64±6 |
| Sex, male | 101 (84) |
| Ethnicity, Caucasian | 99 (83) |
| Marital status, married | 93 (78) |
| Years of education, years | 16±3 |
| Employed | 66 (55) |
| Smoking history, smoker or quit smoking | 74 (62) |
| APOE4 allele carrier | 33 (28) |
| Lipid Profile and HbA1c | |
| Low density lipoprotein (LDL; mmol/L) | |
| Baseline | 1.60±0.61 |
| 3 months | 1.72±0.66 |
| 6 months | 1.66±0.63 |
| High density lipoprotein (HDL; mmol/L) | |
| Baseline | 1.29±0.34 |
| 3 months | 1.33±0.34 |
| 6 months | 1.36±0.39 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |
| Baseline | 3.49±0.83 |
| 3 months | 3.16±1.14 |
| 6 months | 3.56±0.81 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | |
| Baseline | 1.31±0.74 |
| 3 months | 1.66±1.12 |
| 6 months | 1.31±1.47 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) | |
| Baseline | 0.059±0.007 |
| 3 months | 0.063±0.053 |
| 6 months | 0.067±0.081 |
| Body Composition | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |
| Baseline | 29.2±5.1 |
| 3 months | 28.9±4.8 |
| 6 months | 28.3±5.1 |
| Body fat percentage | |
| Baseline | 31.7±10.5 |
| 3 months | 30.3±8.5 |
| 6 months | 28.5±8.3 |
| Body mass (kg) | |
| Baseline | 86.4±16.6 |
| 3 months | 85.0±16.3 |
| 6 months | 83.8±17.6 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |
| Baseline | 99.2±12.2 |
| 3 months | 99.0±14.6 |
| 6 months | 96.9±12.8 |
| CAD Severity | |
| Cumulative stenosis, percent | 150.2±67.2 |
| Number of vessels stenosed | 2±1 |
| Time since acute coronary event, weeks | 22.3±43.4 |
| Cardiac History | |
| Myocardial infarction (MI) | 58 (48) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) | 39 (33) |
| Stent | 77 (64) |
| Angina | 9 (8) |
| Hypertension | 112 (93) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes | 20 (17) |
| Depression | 18 (15) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 120 (100) |
| Cardiopulmonary Fitness Parameters | |
| Maximum heart rate (bpm) | |
| Baseline | 121.9±20.3 |
| 3 months | 128.6±20.1 |
| 6 months | 133.0±23.9 |
| Maximum systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |
| Baseline | 170.1±23.9 |
| 3 months | 171.7±23.7 |
| 6 months | 175.8±21.9 |
| Maximum diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | |
| Baseline | 78.4±11.0 |
| 3 months | 76.7±9.9 |
| 6 months | 77.9±9.4 |
| Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak; mL/kg/min) | |
| Baseline | 20.9±5.6 |
| 3 months | 24.5±6.6 |
| 6 months | 26.8±7.2 |
| Medications | |
| β-adrenergic receptor blockers | 96 (80) |
| Diuretics | 19 (16) |
| Anti-hypertensive | |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 63 (53) |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 23 (19) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 16 (13) |
| Antidiabetic | 16 (13) |
| Antioxidants | 17 (14) |
| Platelet inhibitors | 116 (97) |
| Statins | |
| High dose1 | 74 (63) |
| Low dose | 43 (37) |
1
High statin dose was defined as atorvastatin, pravastatin, or fluvastatin 40–80 mg/day and rosuvastatin or simvastatin 20–40 mg/day. Low dose statin was defined as 10–20 mg/day and 5–10 mg/day of those medications, respectively.