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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2017 Sep 21;96:104–115. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.09.007

Table 2.

Hormone Base Model Comparisons in Hierarchical Linear Modeling and Ordinary Least Squares Regression

HLM OLS
Dependent Variable WI
ICC		 BI
ICC		 f2 L1
N		 R2 N
Cortisol Predictors 80% 20% 0.40 581 β SE B t df p 0.24 593 β SE B t p
Intercept - 0.04 2.81 43.02 62 <.001 - 0.05 3.27 69.29 <.001
Basal vs. Lab Day −0.66 0.12 −0.89 −7.43 62 <.001 −0.59 0.08 −0.8 −10.13 <.001
Reactivity 0.31 0.05 0.30 6.41 62 <.001 0.33 0.05 0.31 6.63 <.001
Recovery −0.44 0.04 −0.50 −11.85 389 <.001 −0.29 0.06 −0.33 −5.64 <.001
Basal Day × Reactivity −0.33 0.10 −0.48 −4.93 389 <.001 −0.25 0.08 −0.36 −4.42 <.001
Basal Day × Recovery 0.20 0.10 0.32 3.21 389 0.001 0.13 0.9 0.21 2.26 0.024
DHEA 33% 67% 0.16 581 0.06 593
Intercept - 0.09 5.13 57.42 62 <.001 − 0.07 5.44 78.55 <.001
Basal vs. Lab Day −0.29 0.10 −0.50 −5.21 62 <.001 −0.24 0.11 −0.41 −3.63 <.001
Reactivity 0.18 0.04 0.20 5.79 62 <.001 0.15 0.06 0.16 2.65 0.008
Recovery 0.19 0.06 −0.34 −6.14 389 <.001 −0.19 0.12 −0.33 −2.83 0.005
Basal Day × Reactivity −0.10 0.06 −0.16 −2.65 389 0.008 −0.14 0.1 −0.09 −1.37 0.172
Basal Day × Recovery 0.10 0.08 0.23 2.85 389 0.005 0.05 0.16 0.11 0.67 0.505
Testosterone 9% 91% 0.09 581 0.01 593
Intercept − 0.07 4.25 56.51 62 <.001 − 0.05 4.25 79.91 <.001
Basal vs. Lab Day −0.21 0.06 −0.27 −4.42 62 <.001 −0.14 0.08 −0.19 −2.22 0.027
Reactivity 0.10 0.02 0.08 3.47 62 <.001 0.12 0.05 0.10 2.03 0.043
Recovery −0.21 0.04 −0.25 −5.92 389 <.001 −0.12 0.09 −0.14 −1.66 0.097
Basal Day × Reactivity −0.10 0.03 −0.11 −3.40 389 <.001 −0.07 0.08 −0.08 −1.05 0.293
Basal Day × Recovery 0.16 0.06 0.23 3.63 389 <.001 0.12 0.11 0.17 1.52 0.128

Note: The results presented are base models of cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. OLS R2's reflected within-individual variance. HLM Cohen's f2 = [R2(AB) - R2(A)] / [1 - R2(AB)]. R2 = (σ2null - σ2random) / σ2null. OLS = Ordinary Least Squares; WI = within-individual; BI = between-individual; ICC = intra-class correlation; f2 = Cohen's f2; L1 = Level 1; β = standardized beta; B = unstandardized beta