Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by diverted methadone availability among opioid users in Vancouver, Canada, 2005–2015 (n = 2092).
| Diverted methadone Availability
|
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not Available (n=1104) n (%) |
Delayed Availability (n=387) n (%) |
Immediate Availability (n=601) n (%) |
||
| Age (per additional year) | ||||
| Median | 37.9 | 34.1 | 38.8 | <0.001 |
| IQR | (26.8 – 45.9) | (23.7 – 44.3) | (28.3 – 46.9) | |
| White | ||||
| Yes | 671 (50.7) | 271 (20.5) | 382 (28.9) | 0.126 |
| No | 433 (56.4) | 116 (15.1) | 219 (28.5) | |
| Female | ||||
| Yes | 412 (56.6) | 119 (16.4) | 196 (27.0) | 0.030 |
| No | 692 (50.7) | 268 (19.6) | 405 (29.7) | |
| HomelessA | ||||
| Yes | 472 (49.9) | 186 (19.6) | 289 (30.5) | 0.022 |
| No | 630 (55.3) | 199 (17.5) | 310 (27.2) | |
| DTES residenceA,B | ||||
| Yes | 662 (49.8) | 212 (16.0) | 455 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| No | 442 (57.9) | 175 (22.9) | 146 (19.2) | |
| Dealing drugsA | ||||
| Yes | 377 (44.8) | 155 (18.4) | 309 (36.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 727 (58.1) | 232 (18.5) | 292 (23.4) | |
| Sex work involvementA | ||||
| Yes | 186 (53.7) | 65 (18.8) | 95 (27.5) | 0.570 |
| No | 911 (52.5) | 320 (18.4) | 505 (29.1) | |
| Prescription opioid injectionA | ||||
| ≥ daily | 65 (44.5) | 23 (15.8) | 58 (39.7) | 0.006 |
| < daily | 1036 (53.4) | 364 (18.8) | 541 (27.8) | |
| Injection heroin useA | ||||
| ≥ daily | 346 (52.5) | 111 (16.9) | 201 (30.6) | 0.491 |
| < daily | 756 (52.8) | 276 (19.3) | 400 (27.9) | |
| Injection cocaine useA | ||||
| ≥ daily | 90 (53.6) | 19 (11.3) | 59 (35.1) | 0.398 |
| < daily | 1010 (52.6) | 368 (19.2) | 542 (28.2) | |
| Injection methamphetamine useA | ||||
| ≥ daily | 58 (40.6) | 37 (25.8) | 48 (33.6) | 0.152 |
| < daily | 1042 (53.6) | 350 (18.0) | 552 (28.4) | |
| Non-injection crack useA | ||||
| ≥ daily | 402 (52.3) | 121 (15.8) | 245 (31.9) | 0.152 |
| < daily | 701 (53.0) | 265 (20.1) | 356 (26.9) | |
| Non-fatal overdoseA | ||||
| Yes | 121 (48.7) | 48 (19.4) | 79 (31.9) | 0.174 |
| No | 980 (53.3) | 339 (18.4) | 521 (28.3) | |
| Participated in MMTA | ||||
| Yes | 402 (48.2) | 162 (19.5) | 269 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 697 (55.9) | 223 (17.9) | 328 (26.2) | |
| Unable to access addiction treatmentA | ||||
| Yes | 83 (40.7) | 49 (24.0) | 72 (35.3) | 0.001 |
| No | 1015 (54.1) | 336 (17.9) | 525 (28.0) | |
| IncarcerationA | ||||
| Yes | 214 (50.8) | 82 (19.5) | 125 (29.7) | 0.481 |
| No | 882 (53.1) | 305 (18.3) | 475 (28.6) | |
| Cohort designation | ||||
| ACCESS | 301 (50.3) | 114 (19.0) | 184 (30.7) | 0.307 |
| ARYS | 239 (49.4) | 126 (26.0) | 119 (24.6) | |
| VIDUS | 564 (55.9) | 147 (14.6) | 298 (29.5) | |
A
denotes activities in the six months prior to follow-up interview
B
DTES – Downtown Eastside; MMT – Methadone Maintenance Therapy; ACCESS – AIDS Care Cohort to Evaluate Exposure to Survival Services; VIDUS – Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study; ARYS – At-Risk Youth Study.