Table 4. . Correlations between medication use, pain intensity and functional measures.

Study variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1. Total medications	1.0	0.898**	0.700**	0.304**	0.293**	0.592**	0.388**	0.261**	0.121	0.183*	0.016	0.243**
2. Nonpain medications			0.315**	0.096	0.079	0.350**	0.150	0.236**	0.025	0.074	-0.043	0.104
3. Pain medications				0.500**	0.503**	0.709**	0.594**	0.180*	0.221*	0.275**	0.105	0.356**
4. Opioid pain medications					-0.069	0.206*	0.354**	0.064	0.146	0.284**	0.223*	0.309**
5. Nonopioid pain medications						-0.028	0.025	0.018	0.008	-0.053	-0.121	0.002
6. Psychotropic/neuropathic pain medications							0.318**	0.261**	0.249**	0.257**	0.137	0.321**
7. ‘Other’ pain medications								0.007	0.101	0.236**	0.072	0.259**
8. Pain duration									0.042	-0.094	0.079	0.119
9. Usual pain (adolescent report)										0.481**	0.727**	0.411**
10. Disability (adolescent report)											0.430**	0.807**
11. Usual pain (parent report)												0.436**
12. Disability (parent report)												1.0

*p < 0.05.

**p < 0.01.

Variables 1–7 each represent the raw count of the number of medications used within each category.