Figure 2.

Effects of berberine on serum cytokines in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated mice. After the mice were gavaged (fed through the mouth via a tube) with solvent or berberine (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for three days, they were injected intravenously with 20 mg/kg of Con A. Eight hours following injection, serum samples were obtained and used to detect TNF-α (A), IFN-γ (B), IL-1β (C), IL-2 (D) and IL-10 (E) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n=8). ** P<0.01 vs. the control group, ^## P<0.01 vs. the Con A group.