Table 1.
Middle Eastern studies examining the factors associated with the timely initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth.
| Authors | Year of publication | Place of publication | Period of study | Study design | Sample size, n | Age of the child at interview | Breastfeeding initiation rate, % | Statistical analysis | Factors evaluated with statistical significance | Factors evaluated without statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Kohji et al24 | 2012 | Qatar | June-October, 2009 | Cross-sectional | 770 | <24 mo | 57 | χ2 | Maternal age (P = .021) Maternal employment (P = .009) No. of children (P = .02) Mode of delivery (P = .001) Advertisements for breast milk substitutes or teats (P < .001) Rooming-in (P < .001) |
Maternal nationality (P = .456) Maternal education (P = .503) Income (P = .087) Infant’s sex (P = .505) Planned method of feeding (P = .074) Maternal beliefs about colostrum (P = .926) Feeding advice during antenatal care (P = .394) Guidance on proper position during breastfeeding (P = .229) Birth facility (P = .808) Support for feeding problems after delivery (P = .229) |
| Batal et al25 | 2005 | Lebanon | More than 10 mo | Cross-sectional | 830 | 1-5 y | 18.3% within half an hour | Multivariate logistic regression | Mode of delivery (P = .000) Rooming-in (P = .000) Night feeding (P = .000) Mother-infant interaction (P = .000) |
Not reported |
| Dorgham et al26 | 2014 | Saudi Arabia (Taif) | 2013 | Cross-sectional | 400 | <6 mo | 22 | Multivariate logistic regression | Prelacteal feeding (OR = 12.02, P = .000) Maternal employment (OR = 5.559, P = .004) Father’s education (2 y education: OR = 6.99, P = .000; university: OR = 1.019, P = .968) Mode of delivery (OR = 7.195, P = .002) |
Not reported |
| El-Gilany et al27 | 2012 | Saudi Arabia (Al-Hasa) | June-July, 2009 | Cross-sectional | 906 | Within 2 wk of birth | 11.4 | Multivariate logistic regression | Place of residence (OR = 4.2, P < .001) Parity (2 or 3: OR = 2.9, P < .003; >4: OR = 2.4, P = .02) Prelacteal feeding (OR = 13.7, P < .001) Breast problems (OR = 3.4, P = .011) |
Maternal age (P > .05) Maternal education (P > .05) Maternal employment (P > .05) Income (P > .05) Infant’s sex (P > .05) Gestational age (P > .05) Birth weight (P > .05) Place of delivery (P > .05) Mode of delivery (P > .05) Admission to neonatal care unit (P > .05) Rooming-in (P > .05) |
| Haghighi and Taheri28 | 2015 | Iran (Shiraz) | January-June, 2015 | Cross-sectional | 257 | In the time of study for delivery | 63.8 | Multivariate logistic regression | Place of delivery (OR = 0.28, P = .011) Mode of delivery (OR = 21.6, P < .011) Previous history of breastfeeding (OR = 2.24, P = .033) Lack of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 0.03, P < .011) Prelacteal feeding (OR = 0.14, P = .016) |
Maternal education (< diploma: OR = 2.02, P = .171; university: OR = 2.36, P = .159) Gestational age (OR = 0.946, P = .402) |
| Radwan29 | 2013 | United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Al Ain) | Not reported | Cross-sectional | 587 | <24 mo | 19.4 | Binary logistic regression | Maternal employment (OR = 1.090, P = .011) Parity (OR = 2.26, P = .000) Mode of delivery (OR = 2.188, P = .001) Rooming-in (OR = 17.64, P = .000) Birth weight (2.5-3.0 kg: OR = 1.93; 3.1-4.0 kg: OR = 2.90; >4.0 kg: OR = 0.87, P = .011) |
Maternal age (25-30 y: OR = 0.98; 30-35 y: OR = 0.64; >35 y: OR = 0.68, P = .291) Maternal education (illiterate: OR = 2.17; primary: OR = 1.16; high school: OR = 1.43, P = .248) Infant’s sex (OR = 1.23, P = .898) |
| Yılmaz et al30 | 2017 | Turkey (Ankara) | March-October, 2015 | Cross-sectional | 341 | Not reported | 60.1 | Multivariate logistic regression | Planned pregnancy (OR = 2.019, P = .037) Mode of delivery (OR = 0.304, P < .001) |
Maternal age (P > .05) Maternal education (P > .05) Maternal employment (P > .05) Parity (P > .05) Health security (P > .05) Family structure (P > .05) Antepartum care (P > .05) Antepartum breastfeeding education (P > .05) Infant’s sex (P > .05) Birth weight (P > .05) |
| Yılmaz et al31 | 2016 | Turkey | July-December, 2015 | Cross-sectional | 200 | 6-24 mo | 45.5 | Multivariate logistic regression | Planned pregnancy (OR = 5.373, P = .005) Mode of delivery (OR = 48.332, P < .001) Infant’s sex (OR = 29.248, P < .001) |
Maternal age (OR = 0.967, P = .867) Maternal education (OR = 1.037, P = .943) Maternal employment (OR = 3.030, P = .103) Smoking status (OR = 1.111, P = .862) Breastfeeding education (OR = 2.330, P = .087) Gestational age (OR = 5.984, P = .058) Birth weight (OR = 0.607, P = .450) |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.