Table 1.
Women | Men | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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Mothers | Nonmothers | Total | Fathers | Nonfathers | Total | Total | |
Stigma (%) | 27.6 | 25.2 | 26.3** | 20.1 | 20.2 | 20.2 | 22.7 |
Sex (%) | |||||||
Men | 58.5 | ||||||
Women | 41.5 | ||||||
Parent (%) | 100.0 | 0.0 | 44.9*** | 100.0 | 0.0 | 36.9 | 40.2 |
Marital status (%) | |||||||
Never married | 53.1 | 71.5 | 63.2 | 54.4 | 74.1 | 66.8 | 65.3 |
Married | 26.2 | 11.6 | 18.1 | 35.8 | 10.7 | 20.0 | 19.2 |
Formerly married | 20.7 | 16.9 | 18.6* | 9.7 | 15.3 | 13.2 | 15.5 |
Race (%) | |||||||
Other | 37.1 | 28.8 | 32.5 | 52.5 | 38.4 | 43.6 | 39.0 |
White | 62.9 | 71.2 | 67.5*** | 47.5 | 61.6 | 56.4 | 61.0 |
Family income | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5** | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
(0.12) | (0.11) | (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.09) | (0.07) | (0.05) | |
Education (%) | |||||||
School | 31.6 | 21.4 | 26.0*** | 41.2 | 28.1 | 32.9 | 30.1 |
High school | 36.4 | 29.7 | 32.7 | 38.7 | 34.2 | 35.8 | 34.5 |
Some college | 32.0 | 49.0 | 41.3** | 20.1 | 37.7 | 31.2 | 35.4 |
Age (%) | |||||||
18 to 20 years | 20.7 | 28.5 | 25.0* | 21.4 | 16.7 | 18.4 | 21.2 |
21 to 25 years | 39.3 | 40.4 | 39.9 | 36.5 | 38.8 | 37.9 | 38.7 |
26 to 34 years | 19.3 | 8.9 | 13.6 | 19.5 | 15.8 | 17.2 | 15.7 |
35 or older | 20.7 | 22.3 | 21.6 | 22.6 | 28.7 | 26.5 | 24.4 |
Household size | 4.0 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 |
(0.07) | (0.06) | (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.05) | (0.05) | (0.04) | |
N | 275 | 337 | 612 | 318 | 544 | 862 | 1,474 |
Note. NSDUH = National Survey of Drug Use and Health.
χ2 tests of independence and t tests are used to determine significant differences between men and women.
Standard errors for continuous variables in parentheses.
p < .1.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.