Fig. 3.
(a) Electrochemical peak currents Ip for CLZ detection directly in whole blood with lab-on-a-chip (red; N=5) compared to detection in serum at the macro-scale (green [4], blue [5]), indicating comparable sensitivity. Error bars (where available) represent the standard deviation. Inset: Differential pulse voltammograms from human whole blood with (red) or without (black) 100 μM CLZ. (b–c) Scatterplots/heatmaps (low to high counts: blue to red) of cellular impedance signals Z at 90 kHz (x-axis; size-sensitive) and 900 kHz (y-axis; membrane-sensitive; normalized for size-based effects), for 2,000× diluted blood without lysis as a negative control (b; N~11,000) and undiluted whole blood with on-chip, reagent-free pure water lysis (c; N~1,500). Cell populations of note are outlined in red and showcase the differential blood cell analysis capabilities.