(A) Detailed pathological changes of ERCB renal biopsy specimens in the different groups: BR (n = 10), AR (n = 22) and chronic injury (IFTA) (n = 7); atii acute tubulointerstitial inflammation, ctii chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation/interstitial fibrosis tubular atrophy, ag acute glomerulitis, cg chronic glomerulitis/transplant glomerulopathy, av acute intimal arteritis, cv chronic intimal arteritis/ arterial fibrous intimal thickening, mm mesangial matrix increase. BR borderline rejection, AR acute rejection, IFTA interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Displayed are mean score + SEM. (B) Displays significant differences between groups. (C) LTα, LTβ, LTβ receptor, DcR3 and LIGHT mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR (). Control biopsies were taken from living donors (LD) before implantation (n = 10). Significant upregulation is shown for Ltα, LTβ, DcR3 and LIGHT in borderline and AR. No differential regulation was observed for HVEM and the LTβR. There was a tendency towards higher expression of Ltα, LTβ, DcR3 and LIGHT mRNA in IFTA compared to controls, however results did not reach significance. The graphs show expression ratios of each gene normalized to 18 srRNA (* p< 0.05; **p < 0.01, *** p<0.001.