Table 1. Characteristics of male veterans by the tertiles of oxytocin level.
| Characteristic | 1st (N = 31) | 2nd (N = 31) | 3rd (N = 30) | Over-all p-value | Adjusted p-value (BMI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OXT, pg/mg Cr | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 14.9 ± 7.8** | ||
| Oxytocin-log | 0.44 ± 0.14 | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 1.15 ± 0.17** | ||
| General | |||||
| Age, years | 56.4 ± 6.6 | 57.0 ± 7.2 | 56.6 ± 4.4 | 0.875 | 0.557 |
| Weight, kg | 100.9 ± 18.4 | 95.4 ± 19.6 | 90.5 ± 19.0** | 0.035 | - |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 33.0 ± 4.9 | 30.3 ± 4.2 | 29.8 ± 4.8* | 0.025 | - |
| WHR | 1.01 ± 0.09 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.09 | 0.062 | 0.804 |
| Glycemic | |||||
| A1C, % | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 0.8* | 0.021 | 0.388 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 113.9 ± 22.6 | 105.5 ± 20.3 | 108.0 ± 28.6 | 0.335 | 0.516 |
| Insulin-F, mIU/L | 22.1 ± 15.9 | 15.1 ± 11.6 | 20.9 ± 42.6 | 0.861 | 0.262 |
| C-peptide-F, pmol/L | 987 ± 571 | 592 ± 452 | 564 ± 691 | 0.006 | 0.145 |
| OGIS | 360 ± 85 | 380 ± 114 | 406 ± 102 | 0.083 | 0.895 |
| AUC glucose | 29088 ± 9734 | 26112 ± 9110 | 25759 ± 9176 | 0.175 | 0.726 |
| AUC insulin | 15679 ± 12690 | 11866 ± 6747 | 9159 ± 6459** | 0.006 | 0.070 |
| AUC C-peptide | 451119 ± 209493 | 356978 ± 171442 | 287891 ± 233594** | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Hormones | |||||
| Leptin, ng/mL | 25.2 ± 19.9 | 17.6 ± 13.1 | 18.0 ± 17.6 | 0.102 | 0.963 |
| IGF-1, ng/mL | 140 ± 44 | 137 ± 51 | 112 ± 42* | 0.020 | 0.011 |
| CRP, mg/L | 5.72 ± 5.17 | 6.77 ± 6.48 | 4.77 ± 4.05 | 0.597 | 0.091 |
| Chemistry | |||||
| ALT/AST | 1.68 ± 0.69 | 1.58 ± 0.55 | 1.27 ± 0.47** | 0.008 | 0.059 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.068 | 0.091 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 84.0 ± 15.9 | 90.0 ± 15.4 | 94.4 ± 23.7* | 0.032 | 0.047 |
| TG mg/dL | 139.9 ± 84.8 | 105.2 ± 34.7 | 135.4 ± 108.0 | 0.215 | 0.505 |
| LDL mg/dL | 95.0 ± 36.7 | 91.2 ± 28.1 | 86.6 ± 29.0 | 0.303 | 0.344 |
| Social, N [%] | |||||
| Education, college | 10 [32.3] | 11 [35.5] | 7 [23.3] | 0.873 | 0.883 |
| Smoking | 7 [23.3] | 13 [41.9] | 16 [53.3]* | 0.020 | 0.029 |
| Smoking, years | 6.3 ± 10.2 | 13.6 ± 13.9 | 19.2 ± 14.1** | 0.017 | 0.028 |
| Exercise | 12 [40.0] | 17 [54.8] | 12 [40.0] | 1.000 | 0.841 |
| Wine | 9 [36.0] | 7 [29.2] | 2 [11.1] | 0.082 | 0.339 |
| Coffee/Tea, >1drink/day | 16[51.6] | 19 [61.3] | 23 [76.7] | 0.045 | 0.109 |
| Employment | 9 [45.0] | 6 [35.3] | 2 [14.3] | 0.073 | 0.066 |
| Income <$15,000 | 9 [34.6] | 16 [53.3] | 17 [65.4] | 0.068 | 0.131 |
| Medical history, N [%] | |||||
| HTN | 18 [58.1] | 23 [74.2] | 22 [73.3] | 0.308 | 0.034 |
| DM2 | 23 [74.2] | 16 [51.6] | 12 [40.0]* | 0.004 | 0.098 |
| Metformin | 14 [45.5] | 10 [32.3] | 6 [20.0]* | 0.039 | 0.477 |
| PTSD | 5 [16.1] | 7 [22.6] | 9 [31.6] | 0.470 | 0.537 |
| Depression | 8 [24.8] | 10 [32.3] | 12 [40.0] | 0.497 | 0.342 |
| Opioid misuse | 11 [35.5] | 12 [38.7) | 16 [53.3] | 0.325 | 0.363 |
| Psych conditions, any | 16 [51.6] | 21 [67.7] | 21 [70.0] | 0.248 | 0.518 |
| Psych meds, any | 3 [9.7] | 9 [30.0] | 11 [36.7]* | 0.018 | 0.047 |
| N of all meds | 7.5 ± 5.8 | 9.2 ± 6.7 | 10.4 ± 8.2 | 0.098 | 0.042 |
| N of psych conditions | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.157 | 0.373 |
Abbreviations: A1C, hemoglobin A1C; AUC, area under the curve; CRP, C reactive protein; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; F, fasting; N, number; OGIS, oral glucose insulin sensitivity (Mari index); Psych, psychiatric; WHR, waist to hip ratio. Data are Mean SD or N [%]. For categorical variables data are number [%] for “yes” answer. Bolded values represent p<0.05.
*p<0.05 and
**p<0.001 for 3rd vs. 1st tertile.