Table 4. Participant pre-test experience and perceptions of authentication techniques (N = 102).
| Age 18–30 (N = 43) |
Age ≥ 50 (N = 59) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Past experience (%) | ||
| • 4-digit PIN* | 42 (98) | 51 (86) |
| • Simple password | 30 (70) | 38 (64) |
| • Secure password | 41 (95) | 52 (88) |
| • Pattern* | 28 (65) | 2 (3) |
| • Graphical password | 9 (21) | 7 (11) |
| • Fingerprint* | 25 (58) | 5 (9) |
| Forgets passwords (%) | ||
| • Always | 0 (0) | 1 (1.7) |
| • Very often | 6 (26) | 9 (15) |
| • Sometimes | 9 (39) | 27 (46) |
| • Rarely | 6 (26) | 15 (25) |
| • Never | 2 (9) | 7 (12) |
| Writes down passwords* (%) | ||
| • Always | 2 (5) | 24 (41) |
| • Very often | 9 (21) | 9 (15) |
| • Sometimes | 7 (16) | 12 (20) |
| • Rarely | 15 (35) | 9 (15) |
| • Never | 10 (23) | 5 (9) |
| Difficulty entering a password into smartphone or tablet (%) | ||
| • Always | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| • Very often | 1 (2) | 3 (5) |
| • Sometimes | 8 (19) | 12 (20) |
| • Rarely | 14 (32) | 21 (36) |
| • Never | 20 (47) | 19 (32) |
| Agree/strongly agree it is “important to secure personal health information using a PIN or password” (%) | 32 (74) | 50 (85) |
| Typical authentication used for personal health information (%) PIN | ||
| • Simple password | 5 (11) | 14 (24) |
| • Secure password | 2 (5) | 8 (14) |
| • Phrase password | 20 (47) | 21 (36) |
| • Graphical password | 5 (12) | 3 (5) |
| • Pattern-lock | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| • Fingerprint | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| • Nothing used | 4 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Preferred authentication used for personal health information (%) | ||
| • PIN | 8 (19) | 16 (27) |
| • Simple Password | 1 (2) | 8 (14) |
| • Secure Password | 8 (19) | 12 (20) |
| • Phrase Password | 2 (5) | 3 (5) |
| • Graphical password | 0 (0) | 4 (7) |
| • Pattern-lock | 3 (7) | 2 (3) |
| • Fingerprint | 16 (38) | 12 (20) |
*p < 0.05