Table 1.
Characteristics of women participating the GROWH study, south Louisiana, 2011–2016.
| data on oil spill exposure and postponing pregnancy (n=1524) | any pregnancy with outcome data (n=1434) | both a pre- and post-oil spill pregnancy (n=633) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Participant characteristics | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 18–25 | 467 | 31.8 | 407 | 29.9 | 101 | 16.6 |
| >25–30 | 418 | 28.4 | 393 | 28.8 | 226 | 37.2 |
| >30–35 | 302 | 20.5 | 290 | 21.3 | 172 | 28.3 |
| >35 | 283 | 19.3 | 273 | 20.0 | 109 | 17.9 |
| Partnered | ||||||
| yes | 621 | 39.7 | 561 | 40.3 | 264 | 42.4 |
| no | 944 | 60.3 | 832 | 59.7 | 358 | 57.6 |
| Race | ||||||
| white | 439 | 28.3 | 398 | 28.0 | 181 | 28.8 |
| black | 949 | 61.2 | 894 | 62.9 | 392 | 62.3 |
| other | 164 | 10.6 | 130 | 9.1 | 56 | 8.9 |
| Income | ||||||
| <$15K | 677 | 46.0 | 638 | 46.4 | 293 | 47.5 |
| $15K–35K | 495 | 33.7 | 463 | 33.7 | 210 | 34.0 |
| >=$35K | 299 | 20.3 | 275 | 20.0 | 114 | 18.5 |
| Smoker (any smoking, last two years) | ||||||
| Yes | 415 | 27.3 | 404 | 28.4 | 191 | 30.4 |
| no | 1104 | 72.7 | 1021 | 71.7 | 438 | 69.6 |
| BMI | ||||||
| <=20 | 103 | 6.8 | 81 | 6.0 | 37 | 6.1 |
| >20–25 | 350 | 23.0 | 306 | 22.5 | 122 | 20.2 |
| >25 | 378 | 24.9 | 341 | 25.0 | 159 | 26.3 |
| >30 | 690 | 45.4 | 634 | 46.6 | 286 | 47.4 |
| Parish of residence | ||||||
| Jefferson | 582 | 40.4 | 563 | 40.7 | 203 | 44.4 |
| Orleans | 312 | 20.4 | 275 | 19.9 | 74 | 16.2 |
| Plaquemines | 145 | 10.2 | 138 | 10.0 | 35 | 7.7 |
| St. Bernard | 128 | 7.4 | 125 | 9.0 | 47 | 10.3 |
| Lafourche | 122 | 8.6 | 117 | 8.5 | 46 | 10.1 |
| Terrebonne | 137 | 9.9 | 130 | 9.4 | 40 | 8.8 |
| Other | 42 | 3.1 | 34 | 2.5 | 12 | 2.5 |
| Outcome of first pregnancy | among those with a pregnancy | |||||
| livebirth | 1117 | 78.2 | 1117 | 78.2 | 508 | 80.6 |
| stillbirth | 31 | 2.2 | 31 | 2.2 | 18 | 2.9 |
| miscarriage | 145 | 10.2 | 145 | 10.2 | 77 | 12.2 |
| abortion | 33 | 2.3 | 33 | 2.3 | 23 | 3.7 |
| molar/ectopic/etc. | 2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.3 |
| still pregnant | 100 | 7.0 | 100 | 7.0 | 2 | 0.3 |
| Exposure to the oil spill | ||||||
| any exposure | 796 | 51.7 | 747 | 52.3 | 326 | 51.7 |
| Income loss due to oil spill | 448 | 29.1 | 420 | 29.4 | 169 | 26.7 |
| Trauma/property damage | 88 | 5.8 | 85 | 6.0 | 43 | 6.9 |
| Loss of use of the coast due to the oil spill | 615 | 41.3 | 579 | 41.8 | 236 | 38.5 |
| litigation | 373 | 24.5 | 352 | 24.6 | 155 | 24.5 |
| Indicators of contact with oil | ||||||
| 0 | 1256 | 81.3 | 1160 | 81.2 | 520 | 82.4 |
| 1 | 173 | 11.2 | 161 | 11.3 | 71 | 11.3 |
| 2+ | 116 | 7.5 | 107 | 7.5 | 40 | 6.3 |
| Indicators of total oil spill exposure | ||||||
| 0 | 685 | 44.2 | 623 | 43 | 290 | 45.8 |
| 1–2 | 460 | 29.7 | 432 | 432 | 187 | 29.5 |
| 3–4 | 261 | 16.8 | 239 | 239 | 97 | 15.3 |
| 5+ | 145 | 9.4 | 140 | 140 | 59 | 9.3 |