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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017 Sep 16;91(1):47–56. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1257-4

Table 3.

Reported oil spill exposure and miscarriage in a cohort of southern Louisiana women, 2011–2016

any pregnancy with outcome data (n=1419 women/3504 pregnancies) both a pre- and post-oil spill pregnancy, outcome data on both pregnancies (n=633/n=2011)
N with outcome % unadjusted adjusteda unadjusted adjusteda
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
pregnancy after spill 0.76 0.59–0.98 0.68 0.51–0.92 0.86 0.73–1.00 0.66 0.41–1.06
 yes 120 8.0
 no 199 10.0
any exposure 1.69 1.29–2.20 1.54 1.17–2.02 2.06 1.46–2.91 1.79 1.25–2.55
 yes 205 11.1
 no 113 6.9
income 0.97 0.66–1.44 0.85 0.58–1.25 1.23 0.78–1.94 1.24 0.76–2.03
 yes 35 9.1
 no 284 9.1
trauma 1.07 0.50–2.30 0.95 0.45–1.99 1.08 0.47–2.50 1.05 0.44–2.50
 yes 9 10.5
 no 308 9.1
coast 1.13 0.79–1.62 1.05 0.70–1.57 1.16 0.76–1.76 1.18 0.72–1.91
 yes 57 10.3
 no 255 8.8
litigation 0.88 0.56–1.40 0.88 0.55–1.42 0.99 0.57–1.70 1.20 0.67–2.15
 yes 30 8.3
 no 289 9.2
contact with oil
 low 290 8.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 medium 16 10.3 1.13 0.63–2.03 0.98 0.55–1.77 1.20 0.59–2.44 1.06 0.49–2.29
 high 13 14.4 1.65 0.74–3.66 1.55 0.63–3.78 0.75 0.22–2.57 0.68 0.19–2.41
total oil spill exposure
 low 242 9.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
 medium-low 39 8.4 0.86 0.56–1.32 0.87 0.56–1.36 0.84 0.48–1.45 0.97 0.53–1.76
 medium-high 28 12.1 1.33 0.82–3.15 1.21 0.71–2.04 1.58 0.94–2.63 1.63 0.94–2.84
 high 10 8.3 0.92 0.46–1.86 0.75 0.36–1.54 0.88 0.38–2.07 0.82 0.34–2.00
a

adjusted for age, gravidity, weight gain during pregnancy, BMI, race, income, education. In all cases, reference group is those without the specified type of exposure; those unexposed in one analysis might be exposed in another. Generalized estimating equations used to predict outcome of pregnancies with oil spill exposure as a time-varying exposure. First columns include all women with at least one post-oil spill (2010) pregnancy. Second columns include only those women with a pregnancy before and after the oil spill.