Fig. 4.
M2 macrophages release specific lipid mediators in response to pathogenic bacteria. Human monocyte-derived M2 (5 × 106 cells/ml PBS + Ca/Mg) was incubated with E. coli (O6:K2:H1), attenuated E. coli (O6:K2:H1), non-pathogenic E. coli strain JM109, or S. aureus (ratio macrophages:bacteria 1:50, each) at 37 °C for 180 min, or with 100 ng/ml LPS plus 100 nM fMLF for 60 min. Lipid mediators were isolated by SPE and analyzed by LC–MS–MS. D-series resolvins include RvD1, RvD2, RvD5, and RvD6, and prostaglandins include PGD2, PGE2, and PGF2α. Results are given as means ± S.E.M., n = 3 separate donors. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001 vs. vehicle control (veh.), data were log transformed for statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test