Table 2.
Summary of meta-analyses: By domain, type of training and intervention content
| k | Hedges’ g | HKSJ | p | Q | df | p | I 2 | τ 2 | T&F | Egger’s | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g | p | (SMD) | (Trimmed) | Intercept | |||||||||||
| Overall – All Interventions & Outcomes | 26 | 0.454 | 0.003 | – | – | 205.409 | 25 | 0.000 | 87.829 | 0.484 | 0 | 3.036 | 0.016 | ||
| Cognitive Domain | |||||||||||||||
| Mental Status & General Cognition | 16 | 0.216 | 0.003 | 0.218 | 0.007 | 19.462 | 15 | 0.194 | 22.938 | 0.017 | 7 | 1.265 | 0.057 | ||
| Working Memory | 12 | 0.614 | 0.000 | 0.627 | 0.011 | 43.068 | 11 | 0.000 | 74.459 | 0.227 | 0 | 3.113 | 0.030 | ||
| Speed of Information Processing | 6 | −0.434 | 0.235 | −0.441 | 0.139 | 58.656 | 5 | 0.000 | 91.476 | 0.701 | 2 | 1.861 | 0.656 | ||
| Language | 7 | 0.511 | 0.000 | 0.519 | 0.010 | 13.457 | 6 | 0.000 | 55.141 | 0.072 | 3 | 2.362 | 0.083 | ||
| Visual-Spatial Ability | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Memory | |||||||||||||||
| Verbal + Non-Verbal Combined | 20 | 0.659 | 0.000 | 0.675 | 0.001 | 90.898 | 19 | 0.000 | 79.098 | 0.277 | 0 | 2.565 | 0.015 | ||
| Verbal | 15 | 0.758 | 0.000 | 0.775 | 0.013 | 95.811 | 14 | 0.000 | 85.388 | 0.421 | 0 | 2.894 | 0.042 | ||
| Non-verbal | 5 | 0.570 | 0.006 | 0.593 | 0.054 | 5.082 | 4 | 0.279 | 21.292 | 0.047 | 2 | 3.272 | 0.187 | ||
| Executive Functions | 13 | 0.575 | 0.019 | 0.585 | 0.158 | 126.404 | 12 | 0.000 | 90.507 | 0.669 | 0 | 2.718 | 0.240 | ||
| Intervention Type | |||||||||||||||
| Cognitive Stimulation | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Restorative | 8 | 0.541 | 0.288 | 0.568 | 0.271 | 111.092 | 7 | 0.000 | 93.699 | 1.886 | 0 | 8.356 | 0.000 | ||
| Compensatory | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Multicomponent | 16 | 0.398 | 0.001 | 0.404 | 0.013 | 55.511 | 15 | 0.000 | 72.978 | 0.146 | 0 | 1.819 | 0.128 | ||
| Intervention Content – Cognitive Domain Targeted | |||||||||||||||
| Working Memory | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Speed of Information Processing | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Language | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Visual-Spatial Ability | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Memory | 7 | 1.219 | 0.007 | 1.099 | 0.049 | 51.777 | 6 | 0.000 | 88.412 | 1.219 | 0 | 3.397 | 0.510 | ||
| Executive Functions | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Multidomain | 13 | 0.230 | 0.000 | 0.232 | 0.003 | 12.713 | 12 | 0.390 | 5.612 | 0.003 | 2 | 1.144 | 0.100 | ||