Table 2.

Subgroup analyses of overweight and obesity, and the risk of all‐cause mortality in patients with diabetes

Separate analysis	No. studies	Hazard ratios (95% CI)	P‐value	Heterogeneity, I 2 (%)	Heterogeneity P‐value
Overweight vs normal weight
Elderly	6	0.78 (0.73–0.84)	0.001	69.7%	0.005
Non‐elderly	5	0.83 (0.72–0.96)	0.009	67.2%	0.016
Female	3	0.87 (0.64–1.19)	0.40	93.9%	<0.0001
Male	3	0.88 (0.58–1.32)	0.54	96.2%	<0.0001
No. patients ≥5,000	8	0.81 (0.70–0.94)	0.006	95.2%	<0.0001
No. patients <5,000	10	0.85 (0.75–0.96)	0.012	65.4%	0.001
Follow‐up duration (≥10 years)	6	0.97 (0.78–1.21)	0.78	95.5%	<0.0001
Follow‐up duration (<10 years)	12	0.76 (0.67–0.85)	<0.0001	83.6%	<0.0001
Incident diabetes	4	0.75 (0.54–1.04)	0.08	95.1%	<0.0001
Non‐incident diabetes	14	0.84 (0.75–0.94)	0.003	90.7%	<0.0001
Standard BMI category	12	0.82 (0.72–0.93)	0.002	93.6%	<0.0001
Non‐standard BMI category	6	0.83 (0.70–0.99)	0.041	73.3%	0.001
Non‐smoking	4	0.81 (0.53–1.23)	0.33	76.3%	0.005
Obese vs normal weight
Elderly	6	0.69 (0.63–0.75)	<0.0001	50.4%	0.073
Non‐elderly	5	1.01 (0.84–1.20)	0.96	80.1%	0.008
Female	3	1.06 (0.67–1.67)	0.80	97.3%	<0.0001
Male	3	0.97 (0.65–1.46)	0.88	94.7%	<0.0001
No. patients ≥5,000	8	0.95 (0.77–1.16)	0.61	94.5%	<0.0001
No. patients <5,000	10	0.78 (0.61–1.01)	0.058	87.2%	<0.0001
Follow‐up duration (≥10 years)	6	1.07 (0.78–1.42)	0.67	96.0%	<0.0001
Follow‐up duration (<10 years)	12	0.78 (0.65–0.93)	0.006	85.5%	<0.0001
Incident diabetes	4	0.80 (0.55–1.18)	0.26	95.7%	<0.0001
Non‐incident diabetes	14	0.88 (0.75–1.04)	0.14	89.3%	<0.0001
Standard BMI category	12	0.91 (0.76–1.09)	0.30	93.4%	<0.0001
Non‐standard BMI category	6	0.77 (0.57–1.04)	0.087	86.3%	<0.0001
Non‐smoking	5	0.77 (0.50–1.20)	0.25	99.7%	<0.0001

BMI, body mass index.