Table 3.
Adjusted between-group differences at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after arthroscopy*
| Outcome |
Biceps tenodesis versus
labral repair |
p Value |
Biceps tenodesis versus
sham surgery |
p Value |
Labral repair versus
sham surgery |
p Value |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||
| Rowe score (0 to 100)† | ||||||
| 3 Months | −1.3 (−8.7 to 6.0) | .76 | −6.5 (−14.0 to 1.1) | .09 | −5.1 (−12.6 to 2.4) | .18 |
| 6 Months | −0.2 (−7.5 to 7.1) | .96 | −0.2 (−7.8 to 7.0) | .92 | −0.2 (−7.5 to 7.1) | .95 |
| 12 Months | −0.2 (−7.1 to 6.6) | .95 | 1.8 (−5.2 to 8.8) | .61 | 2.1 (−5.9 to 9.0) | .56 |
| 24 Months | 1.0 (−5.4 to 7.4) | .76 | 1.6 (−5.0 to 8.1) | .64 | 0.6 (−5.9 to 7.0) | .86 |
| WOSI (0 to 2100)‡ | ||||||
| 3 Months | −327 (−728 to 75) | .11 | −282 (−700 to 137) | .19 | 45 (−370 to 461) | .83 |
| 6 Months | −137 (−335 to 61) | .17 | −128 (−328 to 71) | .20 | 8 (−189 to 205) | .93 |
| 12 Months | −60 (−254 to 133) | .53 | −15 (−211 to 181) | .88 | 45 (−149 to 240) | .64 |
| 24 Months | −96 (−269 to 77) | .27 | 22 (−152 to 196) | .80 | 118 (−54 to 291) | .18 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| OISS (12 to 60)§ | ||||||
| 3 Months | −1.8 (−5.4 to 1.8) | .32 | −1.8 (−5.4 to 1.8) | .32 | 0.0 (−3.6 to 3.6) | .99 |
| 6 Months | −2.3 (6.1 to 1.5) | .56 | −1.1 (−5.0 to 2.7) | .22 | 1.2 (−5.0 to 2.6) | .53 |
| 12 Months | −0.8 (−5.4 to 5.0) | .41 | 1.8 (−2.3 to 6.5) | .41 | 2.6 (−1.6 to 6.9) | .23 |
| 24 Months | 1.0 (−5.5 to 3.5) | .65 | 1.6 (−2.9 to 2.3) | .65 | 0.6 (−3.9 to 5.1) | .79 |
| EQ-5D (−0.59 to 1.00)¶ | ||||||
| 3 Months | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0) | .18 | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0) | .03 | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .41 |
| 6 Months | −0.1 (−0.1 to 0.0) | .19 | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0) | .08 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .65 |
| 12 Months | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .85 | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.1) | .37 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .47 |
| 24 Months | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .50 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | .56 | 0.0 (−0.1 to 0.0) | .93 |
| EQ-VAS (0 to 100)¶ | ||||||
| 3 Months | −5.8 (−14.8 to 3.2) | .20 | −0.6 (−9.8 to 8.5) | .90 | 5.2 (−4.0 to 14.4) | .26 |
| 6 Months | −7.4 (−15.2 to 0.4) | .06 | −3.1 (−10.9 to 4.8) | .44 | 4.4 (−3.4 to −12.1) | .27 |
| 12 Months | −1.0 (−9.2 to 7.2) | .82 | −1.1 (−9.4 to 7.1) | .79 | −0.2 (−8.4 to 8.1) | .97 |
| 24 Months | −2.1 (−10.0 to 5.8) | .50 | 2.8 (−5.5 to 10.7) | .49 | 4.9 (−3.0 to −12.8) | .23 |
| Main complaint (−9 to +9) | ||||||
| 3 Months | −0.2 (−2.3 to 1.9) | .87 | 0.6 (−1.5 to 2.8) | .55 | 0.8 (−1.3 to 2.9) | .44 |
| 6 Months | 0.1 (−2.2 to 2.4) | .93 | 1.0 (−1.3 to 3.3) | .40 | 0.9 (−1.4 to 3.1) | .44 |
| 12 Months | −0.1 (−2.0 to 1.8) | .90 | 0.8 (−1.1 to 2.8) | .41 | 1.0 (−0.9 to 2.9) | .34 |
| 24 Months | −0.1 (−2.0 to 1.8) | .95 | 0.2 (−1.4 to 1.9) | .80 | 0.3 (−1.4 to 1.3) | .75 |
The values are expressed as mean (95% CI).
*Adjusted for age, sex, baseline score, time, manual labour, physical activity and dominant shoulder. Between-group differences were not significant for any outcome. Time and baseline score significantly predicted outcome.
†Higher Rowe scores indicating better shoulder function.
‡Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, lower scores indicating better shoulder function.
§Oxford Instability Shoulder Score, lower score indicating better shoulder function.
¶EuroQol (EQ-5D and EQ-VAS), higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.
OISS, Oxford Instability Shoulder Score; WOSI, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index.