Table 1.
Student’s t- or χ2-tests of differences between below and above median LOS for predictors in the HPB Sample
| Means or Percentages | At Below LOS Median of the TSP | At Above LOS Median of the TSP | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative Factors: | |||
| Age ± s.d. | 55.54 ± 14.29 | 64.62 ± 10.97 | < 0.001 |
| Gender: Male (n) | 53.00% (35) | 65.20% (43) | 0.11 |
| Race: Chinese (n) | 60.60% (40) | 57.60% (38) | 0.43 |
| Unhealthy BMI (n) | 67.40% (29) | 65.20% (15) | 0.53 |
| Braden Scale ± s.d. | 22.73 ± 0.93 | 21.96 ± 2.12 | 0.06 |
| Nutrition Score ± s.d. | 0.36 ± 0.91 | 0.73 ± 1.40 | 0.18 |
| Functional Status ± s.d. | 0.26 ± 0.91 | 0.88 ± 1.73 | 0.06 |
| Smoking History (n) | 15.60% (7) | 17.90% (5) | 0.52 |
| Number of Comorbidities ± s.d. | 1.39 ± 1.10 | 1.75 ± 1.21 | 0.18 |
| Number of Abnormal Labs ± s.d. | 2.49 ± 1.68 | 3.23 ± 1.58 | 0.08 |
| Number of Fall Risks ± s.d. | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.15 ± 0.36 | 0.13 |
| Weekend Admissions (n) | 9.10% (6) | 9.10% (6) | 0.99 |
| Admissions After 5 pm (n) | 18.20% (12) | 50.00% (33) | < 0.001 |
| Referral to OT (n) | 9.10% (4) | 14.80% (4) | 0.36 |
| Referral to PT (n) | 18.20% (8) | 29.60% (8) | 0.20 |
| Number of Delays ± s.d. | 1.11 ± 1.29 | 2.19 ± 3.76 | 0.66 |
| Intraoperative Factors: | |||
| Preparation Duration ± s.d. | 1:02:51 ± 0:26:16 | 1:14:35 ± 0:29:44 | 0.02 |
| Operation Duration ± s.d. | 2:53:09 ± 2:09:03 | 3:48:42 ± 2:36:39 | 0.03 |
| Operation Ends After 5 pm (n) | 19.70% (13) | 40.90% (27) | 0.01 |
| Postoperative Factors: | |||
| Number of Insertions ± s.d. | 1.89 ± 2.16 | 1.18 ± 1.77 | 0.02 |
| Number of HAI ± s.d. | 0.20 ± 1.21 | 0.48 ± 0.85 | 0.01 |
| Number of Medications ± s.d. | 0.18 ± 0.45 | 0.44 ± 0.85 | 0.46 |
| Weekend Discharge (n) | 37.90% (25) | 28.80% (19) | 0.18 |
| Discharged After 5 pm (n) | 12.10% (8) | 19.70% (13) | 0.17 |
LOS length of stay
HPB hepatobiliary
TSP table of surgical procedure
s.d standard deviation
BMI body-mass index
Unhealthy BMI BMI outside the 18.5–23 range
OT occupational therapy
PT physiotherapy
HAI hospital-acquired infections