Table 2.

Student’s t- or χ²-tests of differences between below and above median LOS for predictors in the NS sample

Means or Percentages	At Below LOS Median of the TSP	At Above LOS Median of the TSP	p-value
Preoperative Factors:
Age ± s.d.	46.56 ± 17.38	52.87 ± 15.91	0.03
Gender: Male (n)	31.80% (21)	47.40% (37)	0.04
Race: Chinese (n)	62.10% (41)	67.90% (53)	0.29
Unhealthy BMI (n)	78.80% (26)	64.50% (20)	0.16
Braden Scale ± s.d.	22.42 ± 1.23	21.39 ± 2.79	0.06
Nutrition Score ± s.d.	0.16 ± 0.50	0.38 ± 0.92	0.42
Functional Status ± s.d.	0.14 ± 0.68	1.27 ± 1.91	< 0.001
Smoking History (n)	10.50% (4)	12.50% (5)	0.53
Number of Comorbidities ± s.d.	0.95 ± 0.93	1.24 ± 1.02	0.19
Number of Abnormal Labs ± s.d.	1.65 ± 1.10	2.75 ± 1.35	< 0.001
Number of Fall Risks ± s.d.	0.32 ± 0.85	0.57 ± 0.70	0.02
Weekend Admissions (n)	34.80% (23)	33.30% (26)	0.49
Admissions After 5 pm (n)	33.30% (22)	54.70% (41)	0.01
Referral to OT (n)	11.10% (4)	32.40% (11)	0.03
Referral to PT (n)	13.90% (5)	35.30% (12)	0.04
Number of Delays ± s.d.	1.40 ± 1.73	1.39 ± 1.69	0.60
Intraoperative Factors:
Preparation Duration ± s.d.	1:07:43 ± 0:24:03	1:15:08 ± 0:26:48	0.09
Operation Duration ± s.d.	1:40:52 ± 0:58:15	2:27:16 ± 1:55:03	<0.001
Operation End After 5 pm (n)	15.20% (10)	17.90% (14)	0.41
Postoperative Factors:
Number of Insertions ± s.d.	0.85 ± 1.04	1.18 ± 1.35	0.24
Number of HAI ± s.d.	0. 05 ± 0.23	0.55 ± 0.83	< 0.001
Number of Medications ± s.d.	0.08 ± 0.36	0.56 ± 0.82	< 0.001
Weekend Discharge (n)	37.90% (25)	24.40% (19)	0.06
Discharged After 5 pm (n)	18.20% (12)	36.80% (28)	0.01

LOS length of stay

NS neurosurgery

TSP table of surgical procedure

s.d standard deviation

BMI body-mass index

Unhealthy BMI BMI outside the 18.5–23 range

OT occupational therapy

PT physiotherapy

HAI hospital-acquired infections