Fig. 6.

Galectin family members regulate various intracellular processes. While the earliest studies on galectins demonstrated that these proteins recognize extracellular carbohydrate ligands, subsequent studies have demonstrated that galectins possess significant roles in the regulation of a variety of fundamental intracellular activities, both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Representative galectin-regulated activities are shown. Red arrows indicate an activity that the respective galectin increases, while blue arrows signify galectin-induced decreases in the accompanying activity