Table 3. Associations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and perceived functional impairment with barriers to treatment in firefighters with current probable PTSD but who had not received treatment from any professional (n = 1,802)a.
Concerns about potential stigma |
Perceived obstacles | Joint p valuea | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | ||||||
PTSD symptom severity | |||||||||
Total PCL score, per 1-SD increase | 1.16 | (1.08–1.25) | <0.001 | 1.12 | (1.05–1.21) | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Total PCL score, per 10-point increase | 1.19 | (1.09–1.29) | <0.001 | 1.15 | (1.05–1.25) | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||
Perceived functional impairment | |||||||||
Not at all | 1.00 | (referent) | - | 1.00 | (referent) | - | |||
Somewhat | 1.39 | (1.04–1.86) | 0.03 | 1.28 | (0.95–1.71) | 0.10 | 0.06 | ||
Very | 1.64 | (1.20–2.25) | 0.002 | 1.42 | (1.03–1.95) | 0.03 | 0.005 | ||
Extremely | 1.56 | (1.06–2.30) | 0.02 | 1.19 | (0.80–1.75) | 0.39 | 0.08 |
Note. PCL = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist; OR = odds ratio; SD = standard deviation; CI = confidence interval.
a Age and rank were included as covariates, whereas years since employment was not included due to its collinearity with age (variance inflation factor = 9.1). Joint effect significance was derived from bivariate probit regression modeling [38].