Table 2.
Mean (SD) for Outcome at All Study Visits for Each Group, Mean (SD) Difference Within Groups, and Mean (95% Confidence Interval) Difference Between Groups.
| Groups |
Difference within groups |
Effect size |
Difference between groups |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 |
Week 3 |
Week 3 minus Week 0 |
Week 3 minus Week 0 |
Week 3 |
||||
| Experimental group |
Control group |
Experimental group |
Control group |
Experimental group |
Control group |
|||
| Outcome | (n = 16) | (n = 16) | (n = 16) | (n = 16) | (n = 16) | (n = 16) | Cohen’s d | Experimental group minus Control group |
| NIHSS (Score, 0 to 42) |
8.0 (3.1) |
7.5 (2.6) |
4.6 (2.7) |
4.1 (2.5) |
−3.4a
(0.5) |
−3.4a
(0.5) |
0 | 0.5 (1.4 to −2.4) |
| MAS (Score, 0 to 4) |
0.1 (0.3) |
0.1 (0.3) |
0.6 (0.8) |
0.4 (0.7) |
0.5 (0.2) |
0.3 (0.2) |
1.0 | 0.2 (0.4 to −0.7) |
| BI (Score, 0 to 100) |
36.6 (21.0) |
35.3 (23.6) |
59.4 (24.0) |
56.9 (24.3) |
22.8a
(2.4) |
21.6a
(2.4) |
0.5 | 2.5 (15.0 to −20.0) |
| MI (Score, 0 to 100) |
30.6 (21.2) |
36.3 (37.4) |
55.0 (19.6) |
51.1 (36.6) |
24.4a
(2.6) |
14.9a
(2.6) |
3.65 | 3.9 (−17.3 to −25.1) |
| QuickDASH (Score, 0 to 100) |
68.0 (11.0) |
61.2 (15.3) |
58.1 (14.1) |
52.1 (20.4) |
−9.9a
(1.9) |
−9.1a
(1.9) |
0.42 | 5.9 (−6.7 to −18.6) |
| VAS (100 mm) |
11.9 (17.2) |
10.6 (21.7) |
0.6 (3.0) |
6.9 (13.0) |
−11.3a
(4.4) |
−3.7 (4.4) |
1.73 | −7.6 (−13.0 to −0.3) |
Note. NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; MAS = Modified Ashworth Scale; BI = Barthel Index; MI = Motricity Index; QuickDASH = short version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; VAS = visual analog scale.
a
Significantly different within group, P < .05 (95% confidence interval).