A. Simulated membrane potential for different chemical stimuli: control (normocapnic: 5% CO2, pHo = 7.45, pHi = 7.25), isohydric hypercapnia (IH: 15% CO2, pHo = 7.45, pHi = 7.25), isocapnic acidosis (IA: 5% CO2, pHo = 7.1, pHi = 7.0), and hypercapnic acidosis (HA: 15% CO2, pHo = 7.1, pHi = 7.0). B. Firing rate under normocapnia (grey bar) and the same chemical stimuli as in A (blue bars) at different values of external applied current: excitatory stimulus current, Is < 0; spontaneously firing neuron, Is = 0; and inhibitory stimulus current, Is > 0. C. Sensitivity for each chemical stimulus was calculated as the percentage increase from control firing rate.