Table 5. Preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcome scores stratified by primary and secondary herniation at time of index surgery.

ODI: Oswestry Disability Index; VAS: Visual Analog Scale for pain.

	Primary Herniation	Secondary Herniation	p-value
Pre-Op	n = 145*	n = 26
ODI	53.0 ± 21.2	53.0 ± 19.2	0.98
VAS Leg	79.3 ± 23.2	77.7 ± 24.4	0.94
VAS Back	59.5 ± 31.1	55.8 ± 32.3	0.61
≤ 3 Months	n = 111	n = 19
ODI	20.0 ± 18.0	19.6 ± 15.4	0.90
VAS Leg	20.2 ± 24.4	22.6 ± 21.0	0.42
VAS Back	23.4 ± 19.6	31.1 ± 22.6	0.13
12+ Months	n = 107*	n = 20
ODI	15.6 ± 17.1	16.7 ± 16.3	0.52
VAS Leg	22.5 ± 26.7	27.5 ± 29.5	0.43
VAS Back	26.3 ± 24.8	30.0 ± 25.1	0.49
Values represented as: Mean ± Standard Deviation
Symptomatic Reherniation	4.1% (6/145)	0.0% (0/26)	0.59
Reherniation, No radicular pain	2.8% (4/145)	3.9% (1/26)	0.57
Latest Follow-up Time (median, range in days)	403 (25 – 2184)	380, 34 – 1377	0.61
*One subject reported ODI only.