Table 1.
Summary of Liver Models Applied to Human Hepatotropic Pathogens
| Plasmodium falciparum | Plasmodium vivax | HBV | HCV | Other hepatotropic pathogens | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2D cultures | Cancer cell lines | HepG2-A16104, 105 HC04106 |
HepG2-A1620, 21 HC04107 |
Rat Q7108 HepaRG109 Hep3B110 HuS-E/2111 HLCZ01112 HepG2-NTCP22, 23 Huh7-NTCP22 |
HLCZ01112 Huh7/Huh7.5 113, 114, 115 Huh6116 Hep3B117 JHH-4118 HepG2+IMY-N9119 LH86120 |
Brucella: HepG2121 Listeria: HepG2122, 123 HEV: PLC/PRF/5, A549124, 125, 126 HEV: HepaRG, PICM-19127 DenV: Huh7,31 HepG1,128 HepG2129 YF: HepG2,130 PH5CH8131 EBOV: Huh7,27 HepG228 LASV: Huh729 HCMV: HepG230 |
| Primary cells | Adult PHH132, 133, 134 | Adult PHH134 | Adult PHH135 Fetal PHH136 HepCHLine-7137 |
Adult PHH138 | HCMV: adult PHH4 DenV: adult PHH128 |
|
| iPS cells | iHLC50 | iHLC50 | iHLC39 iPS-HPCs139 iPS-Heps139 |
iPS-iHLC41, 47, 48, 49 | ||
| Co-cultures | MPCC38 | MPCC | Adult PHH + mouse fibroblasts39 Fetal PHH + nonparenchymal cells35 |
Adult PHH + mouse fibroblasts40 | ||
| 3D cultures | Cocultures | Huh7.5-NTCP + LSEC62 PHH + BAECs66 |
Rotating wall vessel53 3D radial flow bioreactor51 Hollow fiber system52 Polyethylene glycol hydrogel54 Gelatin polymer55 Alginate beads58 Matrigel60 Huh7 spheroids57 spheroids59 |
Entamoeba: Huh7 + LSEC62, 63 HEV: Rotating wall vessel140 |
||
| Animal models | Rodent models | Alb-UPA/SCID70, 71 FRG74 TK-NOG76 DRAG91 Ectopic artificial livers81 |
FRG75 | NOD/SCID141 Trimera142 uPA/RAG2143 |
Alb-uPA/SCID77, 144 FRG72 TK-NOG73 AFC8-Hu HSC/Hep92, 145 Genetically humanized mice80 |
HDV: NOD/SCID141 HCMV: HuNSG146 HCMV: Alb-uPA/SCID147 |
2D, 2-dimensional; 3D, 3-dimensional; BAEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells; DenV, dengue virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCMV, human cytomegalovirus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDV, hepatitis D virus; HLC, hepatocyte-like cells; iHLC, induced pluripotent stem cells–derived hepatocyte-like cells; HPC, hepatic progenitor like cells; iPS, induced pluripotent stem; LASV, Lassa virus; LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; MPCC, micropatterned coculture system; NTCP, liver bile acid transporter; PHH, primary human hepatocyte.