Table 4.
Univariate Effects of Socioeconomic Status Variables on Health Outcomes
| ICC | Subjective SES | Parental education | Household income | School poverty | School edu/employ | School district income | Income inequality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-rated health | .981 | −.14*** | −.07*** | −.10*** | .01 | −.02 | .01 | −.03 |
| Self-esteem | .995 | −.11*** | −.07*** | −.09*** | −.07*** | −.08*** | −.04 | −.04* |
| Anxiety | .969 | −.07** | .01 | −.04 | −.01 | .01 | .00 | −.01 |
| Anger | .972 | −.10*** | −.01 | −.05* | −.01 | .02 | .06** | −.06*** |
| Depression | .981 | −.10*** | .00 | −.05** | −.03 | −.03 | −.02 | −.01 |
| Physical activity | .970 | −.10*** | −.10*** | −.08*** | .00 | −.02 | −.02 | .03 |
| Physical inactivity | .945 | −.04* | −.16*** | −.18*** | −.08** | −.14*** | −.07* | −.03 |
| Diet: Breakfast | .988 | −.06** | −.11*** | −.11*** | −.01 | −.01 | .02 | −.04 |
| Diet: Fruits/vegetables | .973 | −.08*** | −.21*** | −.14*** | −.02 | −.13*** | −.08** | .06* |
| Cigarette | .944 | .02 | .07** | .00 | .03 | −.04 | −.03 | .04 |
| Alcohol | .843 | −.04 | −.06** | −.08*** | .09** | .02 | .03 | .03 |
| Drug | .807 | .01 | .00 | .00 | .06* | .00 | −.01 | .07* |
| General symptoms | .999 | −.08*** | −.06** | −.03 | .00 | .00 | .03 | −.02 |
| Chronic condition | .988 | −.01 | .02 | −.01 | .02 | −.02 | .01 | .01 |
| Limiting condition | .992 | −.03 | −.08*** | −.07*** | .00 | −.04 | .00 | .03 |
| Injuries | .990 | .02 | .06** | .06** | .00 | .04 | .05 | −.03 |
| Asthma | .953 | .02 | −.03 | −.07*** | −.07** | .02 | .06* | −.08** |
| BMI | .989 | .00 | −.07*** | −.04 | .06* | .00 | .01 | .03 |
| HDL cholesterol | .962 | .00 | −.03 | −.02 | .01 | −.01 | −.02 | −.01 |
| LDL cholesterol | .992 | −.04* | −.04 | −.02 | .00 | −.03 | −.03 | .01 |
| Glucose | .949 | −.01 | −.01 | −.04* | −.03 | −.01 | .03 | −.01 |
| Insulin | .980 | −.01 | −.01 | −.06** | −.01 | .03 | .07** | −.02 |
| Triglycerides | .995 | −.01 | −.03 | −.03 | .02 | −.01 | .00 | .02 |
| Systolic BP | .937 | −.01 | −.10*** | −.10*** | −.01 | −.11*** | −.10** | .08* |
| Diastolic BP | .922 | −.04* | −.11*** | −.09*** | −.02 | −.11*** | −.07 | .05 |
| C-reactive protein | .885 | −.04* | −.04 | .06* | .01 | −.04 | −.03 | .03 |
Note. ICC = intraclass correlation, which denotes proportion of total variance explained by within-school variation; SES = socioeconomic status; School edu/employ = school education/employment index; BMI = Body Mass Index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; BP = blood pressure. All SES variables are coded such that a higher value indicates higher SES (and greater income equality). All health outcomes are coded such that a higher value indicates more health problems. Age and sex are included as covariates for all models. Standardized beta coefficients are displayed.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.