Table 2.

Adjusted Association between Hospital-Level Factors and Performing in the Worst HWR Quartile

Hospital factors	Fixed effects model		State random effects model A		State random effects model B
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Safety net hospitala	1.84 (1.54 to 2.21)	< 0.001	1.99 (1.61 to 2.45)	< 0.001	1.95 (1.53 to 2.49)	< 0.001
AAMC alone	2.13 (2.52 to 2.99)	< 0.001	1.95 (1.35 to 2.83)	< 0.001	1.57 (1.03 to 2.41)	0.037
AAMC plus NCI-CCC	3.49 (1.86 to 6.54)	< 0.001	5.16 (2.58 to 10.31)	< 0.001	2.85 (1.17 to 6.98)	0.021
Size
Beds: 201–400b	1.34 (1.11 to 1.63)	0.003	1.17 (0.95 to 1.44)	0.133	1.33 (1.05 to 1.70)	0.019
Beds: > 400b	1.59 (1.22 to 2.10)	0.001	1.42 (1.07 to 1.90)	0.016	1.69 (1.22 to 2.33)	0.001
AHA hospital factors
High ICU volumesc					1.26 (1.02 to 1.56)	0.033
ED services present					3.37 (1.12 to 10.15)	0.031
Hospice services present					0.64 (0.50 to 0.82)	< 0.001
Transplant servicesd					2.80 (1.48 to 5.31)	0.001
High surgical volumese					0.62 (0.50 to 0.76)	< 0.001
Variability (Intercept)			1.00 (0.56 to 1.79)	< 0.001	1.20 (0.66 to 2.19)	< 0.001
Log likelihood	−1685		−1568		−1219

AAMC = Association of American Medical Colleges; AHA = American Hospital Association; NCI-CCC = National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center; ED = emergency department, HWR = hospital-wide readmission

^aDefined as hospitals in the highest quartile of the disproportionate share hospital index

^b1–200 beds is the referent value

^cDefined as hospitals where the total number of critical care beds out of total beds was greater than the median percentage

^dDefined as hospitals with four or more transplant services

^eDefined as hospitals with the total number of inpatient surgeries out of total discharges greater than median