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. 2017 Oct 30;55(1):408–417. doi: 10.1007/s13197-017-2952-6

Table 2.

Total polyphenols and flavonoids in gooseberry jams during storage, mg/100 g

Analysed componenta Type of jamsb Storage time/temperature
0 6 months p valuec 0 12 months p value
10 °C 20 °C 10 °C 20 °C
Total polyphenols G0 140.6 ± 7.4aA 124.8 ± 8.9bA 118.2 ± 4.9bA 0.005 140.6 ± 7.4aA 88.0 ± 6.0bA 74.5 ± 7.9cA < 0.001
GCh 330.0 ± 15.0aB 271.2 ± 10.0bB 239.9 ± 7.0cB < 0.001 330.0 ± 15.0aB 222.0 ± 5.1bB 181.2 ± 16.6cB < 0.001
GE 234.2 ± 16.7aC 191.6 ± 8.1bC 173.0 ± 14.1bC 0.001 234.2 ± 16.7aC 166.0 ± 8.5bC 129.9 ± 10.0cC < 0.001
GJ 171.5 ± 15.8aD 156.2 ± 4.8aD 128.9 ± 10.6bA 0.002 171.5 ± 15.8aD 131.3 ± 4.5bD 96.1 ± 12.5cD < 0.001
GF 134.0 ± 9.4aA 118.9 ± 6.4bA 108.2 ± 4.4bAD 0.002 134.0 ± 9.4aA 84.4 ± 9.1bA 67.7 ± 8.6cA < 0.001
GWG 129.2 ± 9.4aA 115.5 ± 4.1bA 101.6 ± 6.1bD 0.001 129.2 ± 9.4aA 70.1 ± 6.9bE 59.9 ± 4.1bA < 0.001
p value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Total flavonoids G0 25.3 ± 3.1aA 23.4 ± 2.7aA 21.2 ± 3.3aA 0.214 25.3 ± 3.1aA 17.6 ± 1.4bA 13.3 ± 1.8cA 0.001
GCh 160.2 ± 6.0aB 137.7 ± 5.0bB 113.8 ± 6.6cB < 0.001 160.2 ± 6.0aB 88.3 ± 12.3bB 70.0 ± 4.0cB < 0.001
GE 93.8 ± 6.0aC 83.8 ± 5.2bC 78.2 ± 4.3cC 0.007 93.8 ± 6.0aC 69.0 ± 5.1bC 55.3 ± 6.5cC < 0.001
GJ 63.1 ± 9.1aD 53.1 ± 5.1bD 40.2 ± 2.4cD 0.002 63.1 ± 9.1aD 39.6 ± 8.0bDE 27.4 ± 1.7cD 0.002
GF 46.1 ± 2.7aE 41.6 ± 2.2bE 31.5 ± 2.4cE < 0.001 46.1 ± 2.7aE 30.3 ± 2.7bD 22.7 ± 2.1cD < 0.001
GWG 43.5 ± 1.8aE 38.8 ± 2.9bE 29.8 ± 2.9cE 0.001 43.5 ± 1.8aE 28.9 ± 3.4bD 23.6 ± 2.4cD < 0.001
p value < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

aValues are presented as mean value ± SD (n = 4) and expressed of fresh matter. Different letters (ac) in the same rows or (A–E) in the same columns indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)

bType of jams: G0—gooseberry jam without plant ingredients, GCh—jam with 15% addition of chokeberry, GE—jam with 15% addition of elderberry, GJ—jam with 8% addition of Japanese quince, GF—jam with 3% addition of flax seeds, GWG—jam with 3% addition of wheat germ

cOne-way ANOVA, analysis of variance