Table 3.
Classification of Clubhouse Effects on Range of Outcomes*
| Domain | # Studies | # Supportive | Multiple or Single site RCT’s | Quasi-experimental Designs | Observational studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalization | 10 | 6a | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| Employment | 29 | 15b | 6 | 4 | 19 |
| Quality of Life/Satisfaction | 10 | 6c | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Social Relationships/Inclusion | 10 | 8d | 0 | 8 | 2 |
| Education | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Health Promotion Activities | 2 | 1e | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Totals | 64* | 30 | 10 | 18 | 36 |
* Nine articles provide evidence in multiple domains
# Supportive
aBeard et al. (1963, 1978), Booth (1994), Crowther et al. (2010), Grinspan (2015), Henry et al. (1999)
bBaker (2012), Barry (1982), Beckel (1998), Donnell (2001), Gold et al. (2016), Hancock et al. (2015), Johnsen et al. (2004), Macias et al. (2001a, b), Macias et al. (2006), Schonebaum et al. (2006), Schonebaum and Boyd (2012), Stein et al. (1999), Tsang et al. (2010), Yau et al. (2005)
cBoyd and Bentley (2005), Gold et al. (2016); Jacobs (1999), Jung and Kim (2012), Mowbray et al. (2009), Warner et al. (1999)
dAdler (1976), Biegel et al. (2013a, b), Booth (1994), Carolan et al. (2011), Mowbray et al. (2005), Spence (2014), Warner et al. (1999)
ePelletier et al. (2005)