Table 3.
CTRP3 Expression In Vitro
| Cell line | Reference | Finding |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue collected from control (n = 3) or diabetic (n = 3) female donors) | Schmid et al. 2012 (59) | CTRP3 protein levels were higher in subcutaneous adipocytes from an obese compared with lean donor, no differences were observed from visceral adipocytes. (Note: small sample size, n = 3) |
| N1511 (mouse chondrogenic progenitor) | Maeda et al. 2006 (44) | CTRP3 is induced w/differentiation by TGF-beta |
| 3T3-L1a (mouse preadipocyte) | Schaffler et al. 2007 (56) | Produce CTRP3 at day 4 differentiation and CTRP3 promoter activity was suppressed when treated with PPAR ligands: troglitazone (α/γ), fenofibrate (α), but not 15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 |
| 3T3-L1a (mouse preadipocyte) | Li et al. 2015 (37) | Exendin-fragment 4 (Ex-4), a specific GLP-1 receptor agonist, specifically used to treat T2D, increased CTRP3 mRNA and protein whereas Ex-9 (and GLP-1 antagonist) or blocking activation of PKA (thr197) phosphorylation by H89, a selective antagonist of PKA, blocked Ex-4 induced increases in CTRP3. Neither H89 nor Ex-9 had any effect on CTRP3 alone |
| 3T3-L1a (mouse preadipocyte) | Schmid et al. 2012 (59) | CTRP3 is positively regulated by insulin, and inhibited by chronic LPS-exposure or Intracellular infection of adipocytes by S. aureus. Further, siRNA knockdown of CTRP3 reduced resistin secretion and lipolysis |
| MC3T3-E1 (mouse osteoblast-like cell line; noncancer) | Akiyama et al. 2009 (3) | Neither CTRP3 mRNA or protein was detected |
| Human mesangial cells (HMCs) | Zhang et al. 2016 (86) | Polymeric IgA (pIgA) suppressed CTRP3 mRNA and protein whereas the IgA1 fractions (mIgA and pIgA) had no effect on CTRP3. Further, galactose-deficient IgA (gd-IgA; the type of IgA found in IgAN patients) suppressed CTRP3 mRNA levels even more than pIgA at identical concentrations (~60% compared with 30%) |
| LM8 (mouse osteosarcoma cell line) | Akiyama et al. 2009 (3) | CTRP3 mRNA and protein detected |
| NOHS (mouse osteosarcoma cell line) | Akiyama et al. 2009 (3) | CTRP3 mRNA and protein detected |
| Human omental adipose tissue explants | Tan et al. 2013 (65) | Metformin increased CTRP3 secretion |
| TM3 mouse Leydig cells | Otani et al. 2012 (47) | Express CTRP3 |