Table 2.
Logistic regression of birthweight on overweight and obesity status for preterm and term children at kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade.
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | Term (≥ 37 weeks)* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGA (vs AGA)† |
p-value | LGA (vs AGA)† |
p-value | LBW (vs NBW)† |
p-value | HBW (vs NBW)† |
p-value | |
| KINDERGARTEN | ||||||||
| Overweight (or obese) | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 1.03 (0.55–1.95) | 0.9250 | 2.00 (1.14–3.50) | 0.0153 | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.0601 | 1.87 (1.64, 2.13) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 0.98 (0.51–1.91) | 0.9616 | 2.04 (1.15–3.61) | 0.0143 | ||||
| Obese | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 1.44 (0.63, 3.29) | 0.3839 | 1.75 (0.86, 3.54) | 0.1213 | 0.80 (0.58, 1.11) | 0.1812 | 1.91 (1.58, 2.30) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 1.43 (0.60, 3.41) | 0.4225 | 1.78 (0.88, 3.61) | 0.1103 | ||||
| FIRST-GRADE | ||||||||
| Overweight (or obese) | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 1.57 (0.92, 2.67) | 0.0957 | 2.42 (1.39, 4.24) | 0.0019 | 0.93 (0.74, 1.16) | 0.4983 | 1.90 (1.63, 2.20) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 1.51 (0.88, 2.60) | 0.1336 | 2.46 (1.39, 4.33) | 0.0019 | ||||
| Obese | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 1.08 (0.51, 2.27) | 0.8391 | 2.34 (1.19, 4.63) | 0.0143 | 0.88 (0.65, 1.18) | 0.3910 | 1.83 (1.51, 2.21) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 1.09 (0.50, 2.36) | 0.8254 | 2.34 (1.18, 4.65) | 0.0152 | ||||
| SECOND-GRADE | ||||||||
| Overweight (or obese) | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 1.52 (0.90, 2.57) | 0.1198 | 1.69 (0.95, 3.02) | 0.0758 | 0.86 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.2103 | 1.68 (1.47, 1.93) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 1.43 (0.83, 2.46) | 0.2022 | 1.74 (0.96, 3.14) | 0.0680 | ||||
| Obese | ||||||||
| Model 1 (adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES‡) | 2.04 (1.04, 4.00) | 0.0382 | 2.25 (1.16, 4.36) | 0.0164 | 0.92 (0.70, 1.21) | 0.5639 | 1.69 (1.44, 1.98) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 (Model 1 adjustments plus gest. age*) | 2.06 (1.03, 4.09) | 0.0405 | 2.26 (1.16, 4.39) | 0.0162 | ||||
†
Data presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
‡
Socioeconomic status variables included highest parental education level and household income.
*
Gestational age data not available for children born ≥38 weeks.
**
WHO categories from Blencowe Lancet 2012: [1: <28 weeks; 2: 28–32 weeks; 3: 32–35 weeks; 4: 35–37 weeks; 5: ≥ 37 weeks]
Abbreviations: AGA, average for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age; NBW, normal birthweight; HBW, high birthweight, LBW, low birth weight.