Table 1:
Socio-demographic risk factors among women in control and case groups
| Variable | Controls (n = 418) | Cases (n =405) | OR (95% CI) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Education Level | ||||
| High (≥ diploma) | 133 (31.8) | 169 (41.7) | 1.54 (1.16 to 2.04) | .004b |
| Low (≤ secondary school)) | 285 (68.2) | 236 (58.3) | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 391 (93.5) | 365 (90.1) | 0.63 (0.38 to 1.04) | .076 |
| Never married | 27 (6.5) | 40 (9.9) | ||
| Family monthly income | ||||
| Low (< 845$) | 344 (82.3) | 322 (79.5) | 1.19 (0.85 to 1.70) | .330 |
| High (≥ 845$) | 74 (17.7) | 83 (20.5) | ||
| Family history of cancer (first-degree relatives) | ||||
| Yes | 211 (50.5) | 222 (54.8) | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.56) | .235 |
| No | 207 (49.5) | 183 (45.2) | ||
| Having first-degree relatives with breast cancer | ||||
| Yes | 81 (39.1) | 107 (48.9) | 1.49 (1.01 to 2.18) | .003b |
| No (other types) | 126 (60.9) | 112 (51.1) | ||
| Having Diabetes? | ||||
| Yes | 54 (12.9) | 62 (15.3) | 1.21 (0.82 to 1.81) | .367 |
| No | 364 (87.1) | 343 (84.7) | ||
| Having Hypertension? | ||||
| Yes | 80 (19.1) | 100 (24.7) | 1.39 (0.99 to 1.93) | .063 |
| No | 338 (80.9) | 305 (75.3) | ||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | ||||
| Normal (≤ 25) | 102 (24.4) | 88 (21.7) | 1.06 (.76 to 1.49) | .733 |
| Overweight or obese (>25) | 316 (75.6) | 317 (78.3) | ||
| Working status | ||||
| Yes | 347 (83) | 310 (76.5) | 1.49 (1.06 to 2.11) | .024b |
| No | 71 (17) | 95 (23.5) | ||
| Fat intake | ||||
| Low or appropriate | 174 (41.6) | 168 (41.5) | 1.01 (0.76 to 1.33) | .966 |
| High or very high | 244 (58.4) | 237 (58.5) | ||
| Fruits and vegetable intake | ||||
| Low | 281(67.2) | 301 (74.3) | 0.79 (0.53 to 0.96) | .025b |
| Good or optimal | 137 (32.8) | 104 (25.7) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Insufficient | 248 (59.3) | 331(81.7) | 0.33 (0.24 to 0.45) | .000b |
| Sufficient | 170 (40.7) | 74 (18.3) | ||
| Diary intake | ||||
| ≤ 2 times a week | 151 (36.1%) | 149 (29.9) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.29) | .885 |
| > 3 times a week | 267 (63.9) | 256 (63.2) | ||
| Tomatoes intake | ||||
| ≤ 2 times a week | 141 (33.7) | 121 (36.8) | 1.20 (0.89 to 1.60) | .262 |
| > 3 times a week | 277 (66.3) | 284 (70.1) | ||
| Garlic intake | ||||
| ≤ 2 times a week | 197 (47.1) | 203 (50.1) | .88 (0.68 to 1.16) | .403 |
| > 3 times a week | 221 (52.9) | 202 (49.9) | ||
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| No | 412 (98.6) | 397 (98) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.02) | .075 |
| Yes | 6 (1.4) | 8 (1.9) | ||
| Practising Breast Self-exam | ||||
| No | 332 (79.4) | 284 (70.1) | 1.65 (1.19 to 2.27) | .002b |
| Yes | 86 (20.6) | 121 (29.9) | ||
| Calcium supplement intake | ||||
| ≤ 2 times a week | 372 (89) | 320 (79.0) | 2.15 (1.45 to 3.17) | .000b |
| > 3 times a week | 46 (87.1) | 85 (21.0) | ||
| Smoking | ||||
| Smoker | 70 (16.7) | 84 (20.7) | 1.30 (0.92 to 1.45) | 1.53 |
| Non-smoker | 348 (83.3) | 321 (79.3) | ||
a
Chi-squared tests comparing control and case groups / /
b
Significant: P≤ .005