Table 2.
Fixed‐effect coefficients of binomial generalized linear mixed models relating seed set of sexual (tetraploids) and apomictic (penta‐ to octoploids) cytotypes to the ploidy of the crossing partner and the pollen quality of both, the pollen donor and recipient (self‐pollen) in crossings of Potentilla puberula
| Coef ± SE | z–Value | p–value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tetraploids | N = 118, groups = 3/12 | ||
| Intercept (homoploid crosses) | 0.675 ± 0.797 | 0.846 | .397 |
| Pentaploids | −4.830 ± 0.403 | −11.992 | <.001 |
| Heptaploids | −6.823 ± 1.902 | −3.587 | <.001 |
| Donor‐pollen quality | −2.878 ± 0.391 | −7.360 | <.001 |
| Self‐pollen quality | 1.553 ± 1.005 | 1.545 | .122 |
| Pentaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 5.598 ± 0.549 | 10.198 | <.001 |
| Heptaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 8.390 ± 2.274 | 3.689 | <.001 |
| Pentaploids | N = 429, groups = 11/59 | ||
| Intercept (homoploid crosses) | −2.176 ± 0.327 | −6.652 | <.001 |
| Tetraploids | 0.458 ± 0.232 | 1.972 | .049 |
| Hexaploids | 2.432 ± 0.246 | 9.878 | <.001 |
| Heptaploids | 1.166 ± 0.272 | 4.278 | <.001 |
| Octoploids | 0.486 ± 0.202 | 2.402 | .016 |
| Donor‐pollen quality | 0.921 ± 0.293 | 3.143 | .002 |
| Self‐pollen quality | 0.031 ± 0.436 | 0.071 | .944 |
| Tetraploids × donor‐pollen quality | −0.588 ± 0.376 | −1.566 | .117 |
| Hexaploids × donor‐pollen quality | −3.349 ± 0.381 | −8.790 | <.001 |
| Heptaploids × donor‐pollen quality | −1.118 ± 0.389 | −2.874 | .004 |
| Octoploids × donor‐pollen quality | −0.878 ± 0.364 | −2.412 | .016 |
| Hexaploids | N = 201, groups = 5/20 | ||
| Intercept (homoploid crosses) | −0.832 ± 0.685 | −1.214 | .225 |
| Tetraploids | −0.551 ± 0.350 | −1.575 | .115 |
| Pentaploids | −0.441 ± 0.250 | −1.764 | .078 |
| Heptaploids | −0.400 ± 0.409 | −0.978 | .328 |
| Octoploids | 0.102 ± 0.248 | 0.411 | .681 |
| Donor‐pollen quality | 0.103 ± 0.299 | 0.344 | .731 |
| Self‐pollen quality | −1.147 ± 0.896 | −1.280 | .201 |
| Tetraploids × donor‐pollen quality | 1.689 ± 1.384 | 1.220 | .222 |
| Pentaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.036 ± 0.365 | 0.099 | .921 |
| Heptaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.760 ± 0.562 | 1.354 | .176 |
| Octoploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.431 ± 0.563 | 0.766 | .444 |
| Heptaploids | N = 171, groups = 5/19 | ||
| Intercept (homoploid crosses) | −2.352 ± 1.033 | −2.277 | .023 |
| Tetraploids | −0.589 ± 0.666 | −0.886 | .376 |
| Pentaploids | −0.870 ± 0.659 | −1.320 | .187 |
| Hexaploids | −0.980 ± 1.216 | −0.806 | .420 |
| Octoploids | −0.391 ± 0.634 | −0.616 | .538 |
| Donor‐pollen quality | −1.305 ± 0.789 | −1.654 | .098 |
| Self‐pollen quality | 1.784 ± 1.034 | 1.726 | .084 |
| Tetraploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.139 ± 0.865 | 0.160 | .873 |
| Pentaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.710 ± 0.846 | 0.840 | .401 |
| Hexaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 1.062 ± 1.644 | 0.646 | .518 |
| Octoploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.768 ± 0.846 | 0.907 | .364 |
| Octoploids | N = 141, groups = 4/15 | ||
| Intercept (homoploid crosses) | −1.616 ± 0.299 | −5.410 | <.001 |
| Tetraploids | −0.080 ± 0.660 | −0.121 | .904 |
| Pentaploids | −0.234 ± 0.299 | −0.783 | .434 |
| Hexaploids | 0.079 ± 0.595 | 0.132 | .895 |
| Heptaploids | −0.571 ± 0.447 | −1.279 | .201 |
| Donor‐pollen quality | −0.191 ± 0.465 | −0.411 | .681 |
| Self‐pollen quality | −0.252 ± 0.393 | −0.641 | .521 |
| Tetraploids × donor‐pollen quality | −4.385 ± 3.712 | −1.181 | .237 |
| Pentaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.139 ± 0.544 | 0.255 | .799 |
| Hexaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 0.149 ± 0.876 | 0.171 | .865 |
| Heptaploids × donor‐pollen quality | 1.305 ± 0.676 | 1.930 | .054 |
p‐Values given in bold indicate significant differences in heteroploid crosses compared to homoploid crosses (representing the model intercept). Calculations were taken separately for each ploidy level of the pollen recipient. N represents the number of pollinated flowers. Groups refer to the number of populations and the number of pollen recipients (individuals) nested within populations. “coef” is the partial coefficients.