Table 1. Demographic data of the 199 patients.
| Variables | Success (n=154) | Failure (n=45) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 52.7±12.3 | 55.4±12.5 | 0.865 |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 74 (48.1) | 21 (46.7) | 0.500 |
| Persistent AF duration (month) | 30.5±41.3 | 98.2±64.9 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 23 (14.9) | 9 (20.0) | 0.480 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13 (8.4) | 5 (11.1) | 0.770 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 11 (7.1) | 2 (4.4) | 0.740 |
| CAD, n (%) | 7 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0.200 |
| CVA, n (%) | 9 (5.8) | 1 (2.2) | 0.460 |
| Hyperthyroidism, n (%) | 5 (3.2) | 2 (4.4) | 0.660 |
| Digitalis, n (%) | 126 (81.8) | 38 (84.4) | 0.830 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 34 (22.1) | 13 (28.9) | 0.500 |
| Calcium blocker, n (%) | 22 (14.3) | 8 (17.8) | 0.640 |
| ACEI, n (%) | 90 (58.4) | 22 (48.9) | 0.450 |
| Preoperative NYHA Fc class, n (%) | 0.015 | ||
| I | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
| II | 35 (22.7) | 1 (2.2) | |
| III | 96 (62.3) | 39 (86.7) | |
| IV | 22 (14.3) | 5 (11.1) | |
| Preoperative LA size (mm) | 52.2±8.8 | 61.1±10.5 | 0.030 |
| Preoperative LA area (cm2) | 43.2±15.6 | 61.1±25.7 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative RA area (cm2) | 24.3±8.5 | 30.5±9.5 | 0.230 |
| Preoperative LVEDD (mm) | 55.4±10.0 | 53.4±7.4 | 0.032 |
| Preoperative LVESD (mm) | 36.0±9.4 | 35.0±6.2 | 0.013 |
| LV EF (%) | 62.6±13.3 | 62.2±9.1 | 0.008 |
| MVD, n (%) | 0.480 | ||
| MS | 19 (12.3) | 11 (24.4) | |
| MR | 74 (48.1) | 16 (35.6) | |
| MS + MR | 61 (39.6) | 18 (40.0) | |
| AVD, n (%) | 33 (21.4) | 8 (17.8) | 0.680 |
| TVD, n (%) | 100 (64.9) | 37 (82.2) | 0.029 |
| ASD, n (%) | 11 (7.1) | 3 (6.7) | 1.000 |
ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ASD, atrial septal defect; AVD, aortic valve disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVA, cerebral vascular disease; EF, ejection fraction; Fc, functional; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricle; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; RA, right atrial; MR, mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; MVD, mitral valve disease; NYHA Fc class, New York Heart Association Functional Classification; TVD, tricuspid valve disease.