Table 3.

Factors Associated with Having More Than One Hospital Admission over 12 Months, among Cohort with Incident Serious Illness, Stratified by High and Low Probabilities of Death

	Full cohort n = 5208	Low risk of death (<10%) n = 3072	Moderate risk of death (10–25%) n = 1371	High risk of death (>25%) n = 765
	Odds ratios, multivariate analyses
Demographics, social, and insurance
Age	1.00	1.01	0.99	0.98
Female	0.89	0.98	0.89	0.81
African American race	1.10	0.94	1.33	1.48
Hispanic ethnicity	0.63*	0.52*	0.71	1.51
High school degree	0.88	0.84	0.95	0.95
Net asset value, lowest quartile	1.25*	1.30*	1.15	1.15
Religion, very important	1.02	1.02	0.93	1.22
Relatives nearby	0.85*	0.82	0.87	0.85
Married	0.89	1.05	0.73	0.98
Nursing home resident	0.96	0.92	1.03	0.72
Medicaid	1.21	1.24	0.95	1.93*
Veterans Health Administration	1.51*	1.42	1.40	2.59*
Medigap insurance	1.08	1.01	1.13	1.56
Health characteristics
Dementia	0.84	1.01	0.78	0.73
Metastatic cancer	1.34*	0.81	1.46	0.86
End-stage renal disease	1.58*	1.65*	1.30	2.26*
Advanced heart failure*	2.16*	1.72	2.85*	1.46
Advanced COPD*	1.54*	1.62*	2.06*	0.86
Diabetes with end-organ complications	1.28*	1.57*	1.34	0.99
Advanced liver disease/cirrhosis	1.17	1.12	1.34	1.74
Hip fracture	0.99	1.11	1.20	0.68
Self-rated health: poor/fair	1.50*	1.45*	1.32	0.89
ADL impairment	1.21	1.19	1.59*	0.96
Informal caregiving, 60+ hours/month	1.50*	1.81*	1.16	1.21
Three or more comorbidities	1.84*	1.73*	1.69*	1.92
Region
Midwest	0.87	0.83	0.76	0.95
West	0.71*	0.66	0.78	0.72
South	0.85	0.83	0.93	0.70
Resides in region with middle 50% EOL spending	1.35*	1.19	1.49	1.67
Resides in region with top 25% EOL spending	1.25	0.99	1.50	1.83*

Incident serious illness defined as first diagnosis of a serious medical condition (e.g., metastatic cancer) or loss of independence in one or more ADLs.⁴³ Odds ratios represent exponentiated coefficients from independent multivariable logistic regressions on full sample and each stratum of death probability. Advanced heart failure = CHF diagnosis in claims, including primary diagnosis for at least one inpatient admission. Advanced chronic obstructive lung disease = COPD diagnosis in claims, including home oxygen use and/or primary diagnosis for at least one inpatient admission.

^*p ≤ 0.05.