(a) Proliferative lupus nephritis (PLN) background information on based on electronic medical record chart review. Medians presented with 25% and 75% values in parentheses for continuous data because they were not normally distributed. Some percentages are accompanied by n/n in parentheses. Prednisone dose was <10 mg/d. Other immunosuppression was discontinued at least 6 months before confirmatory kidney biopsy. Not all patients had information available for each laboratory measurement. SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; PLN, progressive lupus nephritis; LN, lupus nephritis; CNS, central nervous system; RBC, red blood cell; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; SM, smooth muscle; RNP, ribonucleoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; NIH, National Institutes of Health.
| Average age (range) | 36 years old (18–60) |
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| Race | |
| Caucasian | 15% |
| African American | 60% |
| Other | 25% |
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| Gender | |
| Female | 65% |
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| History of HTN | 83 (19/23) |
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| History of DM | 0 (0/23) |
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| Arthralgia | 70 (16/23) |
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| Dermatologic | 48 (11/23) |
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| Hematologic | 53 (12/23) |
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| Cardiac involvement | 35 (8/23) |
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| CNS involvement | 9 (2/23) |
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| Lung involvement | 35 (8/23) |
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| Liver involvement | 9 (2/23) |
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| Hematuria (>3 RBC phf) | 100 (23/23) |
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| Proteinuria (>300 mg) | 100 (23/23) |
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| Nephrotic range proteinuria (>3.5 gm) | 35 (8/23) |
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| Proteinuria Quantification (average in gm) | 2.36 (0.380–4.61) |
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| Serum Creatinine (average mg/dl) | 1.13 (0.6–2.4) |
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| ANA (% positive) | 96 (22/23) |
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| dsDNA antibody (% positive) | 82 (18/22) |
| Average (titer) | 1 : 320 |
| Average (U/mL peak; n = 6) | 189 (130–228) |
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| dsDNA antibody OR ANA (% positive) | 100 (23/23) |
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| ANCA (% positive) | 0 (0/3) |
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| Anti-phospholipid antibody (% positive) | 38 (8/23) |
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| Anti-SM antibody (% positive) | 38 (6/16) |
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| Anti-RNP antibody (% positive) | 50 (8/16) |
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| CRP | |
| (Average mg/dL) | 2.1 (0.1–6.6) |
| (% >0.8 mg/dL) | 79 (11/14) |
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| Biopsy (%) | |
| WHO Class III | 22 (5/23) |
| WHO Class IV | 78 (18/23) |
| WHO Class IV + V | 35 (8/23) |
| Crescent Formation | 23 (6/23) |
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| Median NIH activity index | 8 (5,10) |
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| Median NIH chronicity index | 3 (1,3) |
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| Median SLE disease activity index | 16 (12,22) |
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| Immunosuppression before biopsy (%) | |
| Prednisone | 22 (5/23) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 39 (9/23) |
| Other (cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab) | 9 (2/23) |